人工智能赋能考古研究综述与展望

A Review and Outlook on Artificial Intelligence in Archaeological Research

摘要

论文结合具体案例，围绕人工智能辅助考古多源异构数据整合与知识图谱构建、考古多源文物信息智能识别、考古遗址预测与智能探测和不同尺度考古遗存的数字化重建四个考古研究领域，对其关联关系、人工智能的具体技术方法和应用场景展开论述。从基础研究、方法创新、应用拓展三个层面，分析总结了人工智能革新传统考古研究方法的特征及存在的局限性和挑战，并对人工智能用于考古研究的未来进行了展望。论文对人工智能赋能考古过程感知－认知－决策的多维度研究现状分析为推动考古学与人工智能的深度交叉融合提供了一定的借鉴，助力考古学研究从物质遗存发现向文明演进规律阐释的范式转型。

Abstract

Drawing on specific case studies, this paper focuses on four areas of AI-assisted archaeological research: the integration of heterogeneous archaeological data from multiple sources and the construction of knowledge graphs; the intelligent identification of cultural relic information from multiple sources; archaeological site prediction and intelligent detection; and the digital reconstruction of archaeological remains at different scales. This paper discusses the relationships among these areas, the specific AI techniques involved, and their application scenarios: across the three levels of basic research, methodological innovation, and application expansion, the paper analyzes the ways in which AI transforms traditional archaeological research methods. The paper also summarizes the existing limitations and challenges, and outlines future directions for the application of AI in archaeological research. By analyzing the current state of multidimensional research on AI-enabled archaeological perception, cognition, and decision-making, this paper offers insights that can help advance the deep integration of archaeology and AI, and also supports the paradigm shift in archaeological research from the discovery of material remains toward an understanding of the patterns of civilizational evolution.

关键词

考古 / 人工智能 / 研究综述 / 研究展望

Key words

archaeology / artificial intelligence / research review / research outlook

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(42571504)

江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20231283)