碳毡－植物浮床强化富营养化水体脱氮与反硝化菌群驱动机制

Enhanced Nitrogen Removal in Eutrophic Water by Carbon Felt-Plant Floating Bed and the Driving Mechanism of Denitrifying Bacterial Community

摘要

针对河流湖泊富营养化日益严重，传统方法对水体氮素去除效果有限的现状，本文以碳毡为基质材料构建新型生态浮床，对其强化脱氮的作用及微生物机制进行了研究. 结果表明:在低浓度富营养化水体(总氮浓度约 2.00mg·L^－1)中，碳毡的加入(0.043g·L^－1)显著提高了总氮和 NO₃^－-N 去除率，实验结束碳毡－植物处理组总氮浓度最低(0.20mg·L^－1)，低于植物组(0.95mg·L^－1)、碳毡组(0.52mg·L^－1)和对照组(0.67mg·L^－1)；碳毡－植物处理组的 NO₃^－-N 去除效率在实验第 1 天达到约 80％，显著高于无碳毡组(对照组和植物组去除率仅分别为 8.3％、5.6％)(P< 0.05)，这可能因为碳毡－植物处理组的 narG、nirS 和 nosZ 基因丰度显著提高，促进了反硝化起始过程快速启动. 本研究表明，由于碳毡具有快速吸附作用，且优化了植物根际的微环境，使得碳毡－植物浮床中的 narG、nirS 和 nosZ 型反硝化菌(Burkholderia、Paracoccus、Alicycliphilus、Thauera)得以富集，水体脱氮效率显著增强.

Abstract

In view of the increasing eutrophication of rivers and lakes and the limited effect of traditional methods on nitrogen removal in water bodies, this paper constructed a new ecological floating bed using carbon felt as a matrix material to study its enhanced nitrogen removal effect and microbial mechanism. The results showed that in low-concentration eutrophicated water (the total nitrogen content is about 2.00mg·L^－1), the addition of carbon felt (0.043g·L^－1) significantly increased the removal rates of the total nitrogen and NO₃^－-N, and the total nitrogen concentration in the carbon felt-plant treatment group was the lowest (0.2mg·L^－1), which was lower than that of the plant group (0.95mg·L^－1), carbon felt group (0.52mg·L^－1) and control group (0.67mg·L^－1); The NO₃^－-N removal efficiency of the carbon felt-plant treatment group reached about 80% on the first day of the experiment, which was significantly higher than that of the non-carbon felt group (the removal rates of the control group and the plant group were only 8.3% and 5.6%, respectively) (P<0.05), which may be due to the significant increase in narG, nirS and nosZ gene abundance in the carbon felt-plant treatment group, which promoted the rapid initiation of denitrification. This study showed that due to the rapid adsorption effect of carbon felt and the optimization of the microenvironment of the plant rhizosphere, narG, nirS and nosZ denitrifying bacteria (Burkholderia, Paracoccus, Alicycliphilus, Thauera) in the floating bed of carbon felt-plant were enriched, and the water denitrification efficiency water was significantly enhanced.

关键词

浮床 / 碳毡 / 强化反硝化脱氮 / 微生物群落 / 功能基因分析

Key words

floating bed / carbon felt / enhanced denitrification / microbial community / functional gene analysis

参考文献

[1] 赵晏慧，李韬，黄波，等. 2016—2020 年长江中游典型湖泊水质和富营养化演变特征及其驱动因素[J].湖泊科学，2022，34(5):1441-1451.

[2] 张旭琳，张梓涵，尹高飞，等. 农田氮磷流失与沟渠输移转化过程及影响因素[ J].生态与农村环境学报，2024，40(10):1278-1286.

[3] 全为民，严力蛟. 农业面源污染对水体富营养化的影响及其防治措施[J].生态学报，2022，22(3):291-299.

[4] 李玉凤，刘红玉，朱丽娟，等. 农村多水塘系统中污染物来源评价:以陈集镇为例[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版)，2009，32(1):136-140.

[5] Ahmed SM, Rind S, Rani K. Systematic review: external carbon source for biological denitrification for wastewater[ J].Biotechnol Bioengeering, 2023, 120(3):642-658.

[6] Colares GS, Dell'Osbel N, Wiesel PG, et al. Floating treatment wetlands: a review and bibliometric analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 714:136776.

[7] 舒同，周佳林，段婧婧，等. 黑麦草草帘浮床对农田排水中氮的去除效果[J].生态与农村环境学报，2022，38(6):787-794.

[8] Pavliner i N, Skoulikidis NT, Tsihrintzis VA. Constructed floating wetlands: a review of research, design, operation and management aspects, and data meta—analysis[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 308:1120-1132.

[9] 张择瑞，张学飞，郭婧，等. 3 种新型浮床植物净化富营养化水体的实验研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报，2018，48(3):221-228.

[10] Choudhury MI, Espenberg M, Hauber MM, et al. Application of floating beds constructed with wood chips for nitrate removal and plant growth in wetlands[J].Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2024, 235(8):493.

[11] Wu Q, Hu Y, Li S, et al. Microbial mechanisms of using enhanced ecological floating beds for eutrophic water improvement[J].Bioresour Technology, 2016, 211:451-456.

[12] Lekshmi GS, Bazaka K, Ramakrishna S, et al. Microbial electrosynthesis: carbonaceous electrode materials for CO₂ conversion[J].Materials Horizons, 2023, 10(2):292-312.

[13] Cai T, Gao X, Qi X, et al. Role of the cathode chamber in microbial electrosynthesis: a comprehensive review of key factors[J].Engineering Microbiology, 2024, 4(3):100141.

[14] Ghanam A, Cecillon S, Sabac A, et al. Untreated vs. treated carbon felt anodes: impacts on power generation in microbial fuel cells[J].Micromachines (Basel), 2023, 14(12):2142-2155.

[15] Chen Y, Liu M, Xu F, et al. Phenol biodegradation and simultaneous nitrogen removal using a carbon fiber felt biofilm reactor[J].Water Science and Technology, 2010, 62(5):1052-1059.

[16] Navada S, Knutsen MF, Bakke I, et al. Nitrifying biofilms deprived of organic carbon show higher functional resilience to increases in carbon supply[J].Scientific Report, 2020, 10(1):7121.

[17] Jourdin L, Raes SMT, Buisman CJN, et al. Critical biofilm growth throughout unmodified carbon felts allows continuous bioelectrochemical chain elongation from CO₂ up to caproate at high current density[ J].Frontiers in Energy Research, 2018:341742.

[18] Cabau Peinado O, Winkelhorst M, Stroek R, et al. Microbial electrosynthesis from CO₂ reaches productivity of syngas and chain elongation fermentations[J].Trends in Biotechnology, 2024, 42(11):1503-1522.

[19] Kaldy JE, Brown CA, Nelson WG, et al. Macrophyte community response to nitrogen loading and thermal stressors in rapidly flushed mesocosm systems[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2017, 497:107-119.

[20] 周佳林，段婧婧，王宁，等. 陆生蔬菜浮床对富营养化水体氮磷的去除以及水体、根系细菌群落分析[J].生态与农村环境学报，2024，40(1):107-118.

[21] Michie IS, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ, et al. Electrogenic biofilm development determines charge accumulation and resistance to pH perturbation[J].Energies, 2020, 13(14):3521.

[22] Nandy A, Farkas D, Pepió Tàrrega B, et al. Influence of carbon—based cathodes on biofilm composition and electrochemical performance in soil microbial fuel cells[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2023, 16:100276.

[23] Opar DO, Nankya R, Lee J, et al. Three—dimensional mesoporous graphene—modified carbon felt for high—performance vanadium redox flow batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta, 2020, 330:135276.

[24] Chen W, Wu D, Wan H, et al. Carbon—based cathode as an electron donor driving direct bioelectrochemical denitrification in biofilm—electrode reactors: Role of oxygen functional groups[J].Carbon, 2017, 118:310-318.

[25] Yao S, Liu L, Zhang S, et al. Nitrate removal from groundwater by heterotrophic and electro—autotrophic denitrification[J].Water, 2022, 14(11):1759.

[26] Spiess S, Kucera J, Seelajaroen H, et al. Impact of carbon felt electrode pretreatment on anodic biofilm composition in microbial electrolysis cells[J].Biosensors, 2021, 11(6):170.

[27] 陈亮，刘锋，肖润林，等. 人工湿地氮去除关键功能微生物生态学研究进展[J].生态学报，37(18):6265-6274.

[28] Penton CR, Johnson TA, Quensen JF, et al. Functional genes to assess nitrogen cycling and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation: primers and processing matter[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2013, 4:279.

[29] Castellano—Hinojosa A, Correa—Galeote D, Carrillo P, et al. Denitrification and biodiversity of denitrifiers in a high—mountain mediterranean lake[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017, 8:1911.

[30] Wigginton SK, Brannon EQ, Kearns PJ, et al. Nitrifying and denitrifying microbial communities in centralized and decentralized biological nitrogen removing wastewater treatment systems[J].Water, 2020, 12(6):1688.

[31] Xue B, Tian L, Liu Y, et al. Enhanced nitrate reduction in hypotrophic waters with integrated photocatalysis and biodegradation[J].Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 2024, 21:100390.

[32] Val Del Rio A, Pichel A, Fernandez—Gonzalez N, et al. Performance and microbial features of the partial nitritation—anammox process treating fish canning wastewater with variable salt concentrations[J].Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 208:112-121.

[33] Jia W, Yang L. Community composition and spatial distribution of n—removing microorganisms optimized by Fe—modified biochar in a constructed wetland[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, 18(6):2938.

[34] Chen D, Tian C, Yuan H, et al. Nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure of IMTA ponds (a postistius japonicus—Penaeus japonicus—Ulva)[J].Microbial Ecology, 2024, 87(1):82.

[35] Mieke CAA, Van AB, Caroline MP, et al. Microbial community analysis of a methane—producing biocathode in a bioelectrochemical system[J].Archaea, 2013:481784.

[36] Li R, Ren XP, Fan X, et al. Efficient enriching high—performance denitrifiers using bio—cathode of microbial fuel cells[J].iScience, 2024, 27(10):110965.

[37] Li Z, Qiu Y, Yu Y, et al. Long—term operation of cathode—enhanced ecological floating bed coupled with microbial electrochemical system for urban surface water remediation: from lab—scale research to engineering application[ J].Water Research, 2023, 237:119967.

[38] Sun H, Zhou Y, Jiang C. Regulating denitrification in constructed wetlands: the synergistic role of radial oxygen loss and root exudates[J].Water, 2024, 16(24):3706.

[39] Li X, Qiao J, Li S, et al. Bacterial communities and functional genes stimulated during anaerobic arsenite oxidation and nitrate reduction in a paddy soil[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, 54(4):2172-2181.

[40] 郭旭，张永政，夏厚兵，等. 碳基材料电氧化去除水体污染物的研究进展[J].化工学报，2023，74(5):1862-1874.

[41] 张凤娇，刀昶智，陈明，等. 人工湿地—微生物燃料电池系统应用的发展与展望[J].世界生态学，2020，9(4):324-329.

[42] 卢艳，张鹏帅，张景新，等. 微氧耦合电化学强化污水厌氧消化的除碳脱氮[J].净水技术，2023，42(8):81-86.

[43] 陆晓赟，任家丰，孙婧，等. 电催化还原处理硝酸盐的电极材料研究进展[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版)，2021，44(2):134-140.

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700803)

江苏省重点研发计划项目(D21YFD17008)

江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(22)1003)