体育锻炼与老年人年龄认同的双向关系——兼论心理资本、社会参与的间接作用效应

Bidirectional Relationship Between Physical Exercise and Age Identity in Older Adults: Examining the Indirect Effects of Psychological Capital and Social Participation

摘要

在老龄社会快速进展的时代背景下，促进老年人体育锻炼、塑造积极年龄认同对成功老龄化和推进积极老龄化国家战略具有深远意义. 但现阶段体育锻炼与老年人年龄认同的双向关系仍不明确. 基于此，本研究基于 2018 年、2020 年中国老年社会追踪调查(China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, CLASS)2 波次数据，以“生物－心理－社会”为基础理论框架，采用截面 OLS 回归分析、固定效应模型以及交叉滞后面板模型对我国老年人体育锻炼行为与年龄认同的双向关系进行实证检验，并利用中介效应模型检验心理资本、社会参与的间接作用. 结果显示:(1)老年人体育锻炼行为中，锻炼频率、锻炼时长、锻炼强度 3 个成分指标与积极年龄认同均互为因果，即 3 个成分指标可促进老年人积极年龄认同，反之亦然;(2)老年人社会参与、心理资本是体育锻炼行为与积极年龄认同因果关系的内在间接作用机制. 研究认为，体育锻炼与老年人积极年龄认同可互为影响因素. 该研究不仅丰富了“生物－心理－社会”多维模型在老年人体育锻炼行为与年龄认同研究领域的应用，也为促进老年人体育锻炼行为和积极年龄认同提供了实证依据和政策启示.

Abstract

In the context of rapid progress in an aging society, promoting physical exercise among the elderly and shaping positive age identity have profound significance for successful aging and advancing the national strategy of active aging. However, the bidirectional relationship between physical exercise and age identity among the elderly is still unclear at present. Based on this, this study is based on two waves of data from the 2018 and 2020 China Elderly Social Tracking Surveys. Using the "biological-psychological-social" theoretical framework, cross-sectional OLS regression analysis, fixed effects model, and cross-lagged panel model are used to empirically test the indirect effects between physical exercise behavior and age identity among elderly people in China. The mediation effect model is also used to examine the mediating effects of psychological capital and social participation. The results showed that: (1) In the physical exercise behavior of the elderly, the three component indicators of physical exercise frequency, duration, and intensity are mutually causal with positive age identity, that is, the three component indicators can promote positive age identity in the elderly, and vice versa; (2) The social participation and psychological capital of the elderly are the indirect effects mechanisms between physical exercise behavior and positive age identity. Research suggests that physical exercise and positive age identity among the elderly can mutually influence each other. This study not only enriches the application of the "biopsychosocial" multidimensional model in the research field of elderly physical exercise behavior and age identity, but also provides empirical evidence and policy implications for promoting elderly physical exercise behavior and positive age identity.

关键词

体育锻炼行为 / 年龄认同 / 老年人 / 双向关系 / 间接作用

Key words

physical exercise behavior / age identity / older adults / bidirectional relationship / indirect effects

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基金资助

国家社会科学基金资助项目(24XTY003)

南疆体质健康研究中心重点资助项目(2026NJT2001)

新疆维吾尔自治区高校科技计划资助项目(XJEDU2021SY040)