走向平衡还是扩大差距——中国数字乡村发展的时空特征与演变趋势
Toward Balance or Widening Disparities: Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Evolutionary Trends of Digital Village Development in China
数字乡村建设是推动农村全面振兴、促进城乡融合的重要抓手. 本文从数字化基础设施、乡村产业数字化、乡村治理数字化和乡村环境监测数字化 4 个维度构建评价指标体系,采用熵权法测度 2013—2023 年中国 31 个省份数字乡村发展水平,并运用 Dagum 基尼系数、σ 和 β 收敛及莫兰指数分析其区域差异、收敛特征与空间演变. 研究发现:①数字乡村发展水平总体持续提升,但区域分化明显,东部地区长期保持领先;②地区间差异是总体差异的主要来源,东部与西部、东北地区之间的差距较为突出;③数字乡村发展未表现出明显的 σ 收敛,但存在显著的 β 收敛,表明发展水平较低地区具有追赶效应,但尚不足以抵消总体差距扩大的趋势;④数字乡村发展具有显著的正向空间相关性,高、低水平地区呈现一定的空间集聚,且集聚类型动态调整. 基于研究结论,提出政策建议: ①强化区域协调发展,补齐数字基础设施短板;②深化乡村产业数字化,增强区域发展内生动力;③加强区域协作与经验推广,促进数字要素有序扩散;④完善数字治理与制度保障,降低后发地区追赶成本.
Digital village construction is an important instrument for promoting comprehensive rural revitalization and advancing urban-rural integration. This paper constructs an evaluation index system from four dimensions: digital infrastructure, digitalization of rural industries, digitalization of rural governance, and digitalization of rural environmental monitoring. The entropy weight method is employed to measure the level of digital village development in 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2023. The Dagum Gini coefficient, σ- and β-convergence, and Moran's I are further employed to examine regional disparities, convergence characteristics, and spatial evolution. The results show that:①The level of digital village development has continued to improve overall, but significant regional disparities remain, with the eastern region maintaining a leading position. ②Interregional disparities constitute the main source of overall inequality, with particularly pronounced gaps between the eastern and western regions and between the eastern and northeastern regions. ③Digital village development does not exhibit significant σ-convergence, but demonstrates significant β-convergence, indicating a catching-up effect among regions with lower levels of development. However, this catching-up effect has not translated into a reduction in overall regional disparities. ④Digital village development exhibits significant positive spatial autocorrelation, with high- and low-level regions showing certain patterns of spatial clustering and dynamic adjustments in clustering types. Based on the research findings, the following policy recommendations are proposed: ①Strengthen coordinated regional development and address deficiencies in digital infrastructure. ②Deepen the digitalization of rural industries to boost the endogenous drivers of regional development. ③Enhance regional collaboration and the sharing of best practices to facilitate the orderly diffusion of digital factors. ④Improve digital governance and institutional safeguards to lower the costs for late-developing regions to catch up.
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湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题项目(XSP24YBZ014)
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