乡村居民日常流动性特征及其影响因素——以河北省贾家口镇为例

Characteristics of Everyday Mobility of Rural Residents and Their Influencing Factors: a Case Study of Jiajiakou Town in Hebei Province

摘要

乡村流动性是全球乡村可持续交通研究议题之一。本文以典型工业镇河北省贾家口镇为例，主要利用问卷调查数据，从客观出行能力和主观出行感知出发，探讨了乡村居民日常流动性特征及其影响因素，并开展了镇区、中心村、基层村3种类型居民点对比研究。结果表明：①大多数居民的通勤范围是镇域范围，工作地点集中在镇区和中心村，而且后者对劳动力吸引力更强。农村弱势群体的流动性呈现明显的低水平特征，但是除了低收入家庭居民，他们的出行感知并未表现出显著的劣势。②镇区、中心村和基层村居民流动性在通勤范围、去县城频率和出行感知方面存在明显的等级差异特征。③家庭结构、家庭收入、汽车拥有率和网购频率对乡村居民出行能力和出行感知均具有明显的影响，年龄和家庭规模仅对居民出行能力有显著影响。但是，这些因素对不同类型乡村聚落居民流动性的影响不同。从日常流动性视角来看，乡村地域形成了二元异构网络和三元空间结构。

Abstract

Rural mobility is one of the research topics on global rural sustainable transportation. Taking a typical industrial town, Jiajiakou Town in Hebei Province as a case study, this paper primarily uses questionnaire survey data to explore the characteristics of rural residents' everyday mobility and their influencing factors from the dual dimensions of objective travel ability and subjective travel perception. It further conducts a comparative study across three types of settlements: township, central village, and general villages. The results show that: ① Most villagers commute within the town boundary, with jobs concentrated in the township and central village. The latter exerts stronger labour-force attraction. Rural vulnerable groups exhibit distinct low-level mobility. Nevertheless, apart from residents from low-income households, these groups show no significant disadvantages in travel perception. ② Residents in township, central village, and general villages present distinct hierarchical differences in commute range, travel frequency to the county town, and travel perception. ③ Family structure, household income, car ownership, and online-shopping frequency significantly influence both travel ability and travel perception of rural residents. By contrast, age and household size show significant effects only on travel ability. However, the influence weights of these factors vary across the mobility of rural residents from different types of settlements. From the perspective of everyday mobility, binary heterogeneous network and ternary spatial structure emerge in rural areas.

关键词

乡村流动性 / 出行能力 / 出行感知 / 镇区 / 中心村 / 基层村

Key words

rural mobility / travel ability / travel perception / township / central village / general village

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基金资助

河北省社会科学基金项目(HB23SH023)