1.College of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China
2.Transportation Bureau of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gannan Gansu 747000, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2023-07-16
2024-01-01
Issue Date
2026-07-13
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摘要
非饱和渗透系数是非饱和膨胀泥岩土体渗流分析及水-力耦合研究的基础,对工程建设和工程病害预防具有重要意义。以新疆哈密地区微膨胀泥岩破碎土为例,制备4种不同初始干密度重塑土样,采用压力板法和滤纸法试验测量其土-水特征曲线,采用变水头试验测量土样饱和渗透系数;通过自主研制的土柱渗流试验装置进行恒定体积条件下一维土柱入渗试验,探究湿润锋前进法和瞬态剖面法的适用性,以获得不同初始干密度土体的非饱和渗透性曲线,并结合试验值对Childs和Collis-Geroge(CCG)渗透系数预测模型进行修正。结果表明:新疆哈密微膨胀泥岩破碎土的基质吸力范围为1~105 kPa,渗透系数范围为10—9~10—4 cm · s—1;试验土样初始干密度越大,大孔隙占比越小,阻渗作用越明显;CCG渗透系数预测模型可较好地反映土体渗透性曲线发展趋势,但在量值上随吸力的增加逐渐“远离”土体实测渗透性曲线;修正后的CCG渗透系数预测模型可反映不同初始干密度下土体渗透性曲线的发展规律。
Abstract
The unsaturated permeability coefficient is the basis of seepage analysis and hydraulic-mechanical coupling research of unsaturated expansive mudstone soil, which is of great significance to engineering construction and disease prevention. As an example, the micro-expansive mudstone broken soil of Hami region in Xinjiang is processed into four remodeled samples with various initial dry density. The soil-water characteristic curve is measured by pressure plate method and filter paper method, and the saturation permeability coefficient is measured by variable head tests. Then, the one-dimensional soil column seepage test under constant-volume conditions is carried out by a self-developed soil column seepage test device. The applicability of wetting front advance method and transient profile method are explored, so as to obtain the unsaturated permeability curves of soils with different initial dry densities, and the Childs and Collis-Geroge (CCG) permeability coefficient prediction model is modified based on the test values. The results show that the matric suction of Xinjiang Hami micro-expansion mudstone broken soil ranges from 1-105 kPa, and the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-9-10-4 cm · s-1. The larger the initial dry density of soil sample, the smaller the proportion of macropores, and the more obvious the seepage resistance. The CCG permeability coefficient prediction model can better reflect the development trend of the soil permeability curve, but it is gradually far away from the true soil permeability curve with the increase of suction. The modified CCG permeability coefficient prediction model can reflect the development of soil permeability curves at different initial dry densities.
由图3可知:微膨胀泥岩破碎土的饱和渗透系数随干密度的增大呈现非线性降低趋势,试验土样干密度为1.4~1.5 g · cm—3时渗透系数降幅明显,在1.5~1.7 g · cm—3之间缓慢降低,在1.7~1.8 g · cm—3之间变化很小,趋于稳定,即泥岩破碎土的饱和渗透系数随干密度增加可分为渗透系数骤减、缓慢降低和趋于稳定3个阶段。
由不同初始干密度下试样的体积含水率剖面得到对应的土体基质吸力-渗透系数曲线,如图10所示。由图10可知:本试验得到的基质吸力范围在1~20 000 kPa之间,各初始干密度下土体渗透系数变化范围跨越近5个数量级,在10—9~10—4 cm · s—1之间;试验土样渗透性曲线均可分为2阶段,即趋于稳定阶段和速率骤减阶段;吸力在1~50 kPa范围时,土体趋于饱和状态渗透系数均逐渐趋于稳定,渗透性曲线无明显增减趋势;吸力在50~20 000 kPa范围时,试验土样渗透系数随吸力的增加而骤减,双对数坐标中渗透性曲线近似线性变化。
前期研究发现[27],试验土样初始干密度越大,大孔隙占比越低,孔隙连通性越差,入渗过程中封闭气泡占据的孔隙空间就越大,阻渗作用越明显。对比初始干密度为1.4和1.7 g · cm—3试验土样的渗透性曲线趋势可知,初始干密度较小的试验土样在入渗过程中有相对较大的入渗速率,即相同基质吸力条件下,试验土样初始干密度越大,其渗透系数越小。恒定体积条件下,土体在增湿过程中膨胀表现为内部孔隙的压缩变形,具体为大孔隙体积减小,小孔隙占比增加,试验土样连通性降低,根据4.4.1节对WFAM的适用性分析可知,随含水率的增加,试验土样湿润锋前进速率不断降低,因此,试验土样的渗透系数变化范围大。
(2)WFAM结果表明,新疆哈密地区微膨胀泥岩破碎土的湿润锋前进速率曲线不符合时域线性假定,不适用于测定该地区土体的非饱和渗透系数。IPM结果表明,测试土样的渗透系数在10—9~10—4 cm · s—1,试验土样渗透性曲线随含水率的增加呈速率骤减和趋于稳定两阶段;试验土样初始干密度的增加降低了大孔隙占比,降低了孔隙间的连通性,进而降低了试验土样的渗透速率。
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