With the rapid development of metro construction, the calculation of loosening earth pressure acting on tunnels has become a research hotspot in the field of tunnel engineering. Accurate prediction of the loosening zone around tunnels is crucial for determining the loosening earth pressure. To simplify and precisely estimate the extent of the loosening zone around tunnels, its boundaries were first postulate as two inclined straight lines. Then, a formula for the sliding angle was derived considering tunnel size, buried depth of the tunnel, and other conditions based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, and thus the loosening zone of strata around the tunnel could be determined. Finally, the lateral pressure coefficient on the sliding surface and the formula for calculating the loosening earth pressure above tunnel were deduced by integrating the theory of principal stress axis rotation in the loosening zone soil mass with the assumption of an inclined sliding surface. The study shows that the sliding angle increases with the increase of the internal friction angle of soil, and initially decreases with the increase in tunnel burial depth ratio, subsequently stabilizing. When the trajectory line of the major principal stress is assumed to be circular, the calculation is more straightforward and conducive to wider application. The results obtained from the analytic solution presented in this paper align well with the actual test results, indicating its applicability for the calculation of loosening earth pressure above the shield tunnel in sandy strata.
现有研究表明,对于圆形盾构隧道,其破坏从两边的起拱处开始向上延伸至地表[17]。因此,假设圆形隧道破坏模式如图1所示。图中:a,b分别为隧道起拱处的2点;i,d分别为地表沉降零界点;p,e为点a,b在地表的投影点;g为隧道拱顶位置点;f为隧道中轴线与地表的交点;n,l为过隧道拱顶的切线与隧道起拱点切线的交点;曲线ad和bi为地层的实际破坏面,虚直线ad和bi为本文假设破坏面;为假设破坏面和水平方向的夹角;为隧道的埋深;D为隧道直径;o为隧道中心; L 为地表沉降零界点和隧道起拱处在水平方向的投影距离。此外,令为土的容重,和分别为水平和竖直方向原岩应力。
由图6可知:随着隧道埋深比的增加,滑裂角总体上先增加后减小,但是其减小的速率逐渐降低,慢慢趋于平缓;隧道上方的受扰动区域随着埋深比的增加逐渐增大,也就是 L 在逐渐增大,该结果和方焘等学者基于GeoPIV技术从不同埋深情况下隧道施工引起的地层变形规律类似[17];相比于静止侧压力系数,土体的内摩擦角对松动区滑裂角的影响更大,即内摩擦角越大、滑裂角也越大,隧道上方地层受扰动的范围也就越小,该结果和Moussaei等[8]学者的试验结果也类似,从而证明了本文滑裂角理论推导的合理性。
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