As the connection relationship between multiple trains at multiple stations is flexible and complex in China's high-speed railway network, in order to effectively improve the service quality for transfer passengers, an integer programming model is first established to optimize the train connection plan in timetable, then the stop plan and arrival/departure time of trains in the existing timetable are rescheduled, and the connection time, frequency and mode between trains are optimized. Then, according to the characteristics of the problem, a genetic algorithm is designed based on the linearized model, and the sequential and iterative decision-making of train stop and arrival/departure time is incorporated in the framework of the genetic algorithm to improve the solving efficiency of the model. Finally, relying on the "Two Horizontals and Two Verticals" trunk high-speed railway network, a large-scale calculation case is constructed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that compared with the actual train connection plan, after optimization, the average connection time between trains is shortened by 11 min, the connection frequency is increased by a total of 1 109 times, 53 sets of train connections are improved from different stations to the same station, and transfer service quality of 74.94% of passenger ODs is improved to varying degrees. The more transfer demand in a passenger OD, the greater the enhancement of transfer service quality, and the better matching degree of train connection service resources to passenger demand between different ODs. The proposed method can achieve a significant improvement in the quality of train connection plan under the premise of a slight adjustment of the existing timetable.
我国高速铁路里程长、车站多、网络规模大。尽管铁路部门在编制旅客运输计划时以尽可能直达输送旅客为目标,开行了较多距离长、停站多的旅客列车,但客流起点站与终点站(Origin and Destination,OD)的组合数远超直达连通的列车停站组合数,仍有约96%的OD之间无直达列车服务(2023年7月全路时刻表数据),产生较多旅客换乘需求。编制列车运行计划时,从路网全局合理规划大量OD间列车接续的难度较高,难免出现部分OD列车接续时间长、接续频率低、接续方式差等情况,给旅客换乘带来不便。随着路网规模不断扩大、具备“便捷换乘”条件的车站数量不断增多,中转客流还将持续增长,亟须对高速铁路网列车接续方案进行高质量决策。
PARBOJ, NIELSENO A, PRATOC G. Passenger Perspectives in Railway Timetabling: a Literature Review [J]. Transport Reviews, 2016, 36 (4): 500-526.
[2]
NIUH M, TIANX P, ZHOUX S. Demand-Driven Train Schedule Synchronization for High-Speed Rail Lines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2015, 16 (5): 2642-2652.
[3]
TIANX P, NIUH M. A Bi-Objective Model with Sequential Search Algorithm for Optimizing Network-Wide Train Timetables [J]. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 2019, 127: 1259-1272.
[4]
LIEBCHENC. Periodic Timetable Optimization in Public Transport [C]// Operations Research Proceedings 2006. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007: 29-36.
[5]
LIEBCHENC. The First Optimized Railway Timetable in Practice [J]. Transportation Science, 2008, 42 (4): 420-435.
[6]
XUX M, LIC L, XUZ. Train Timetabling with Stop-Skipping, Passenger Flow, and Platform Choice Considerations [J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2021, 150: 52-74.
KROONL G, PEETERSL W P, WAGENAARJ C, et al. Flexible Connections in PESP Models for Cyclic Passenger Railway Timetabling [J]. Transportation Science, 2014, 48 (1): 136-154.
[9]
LORENZF, JANOŠV, TEICHMANND, et al. Time Coordination of Periodic Passenger Train Connections in Conditions of Single-Track Lines [J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering: Theory, Methods and Applications, 2021, 2021: 3876561.
[10]
TSANGC W, HOT K, IPK H. Train Schedule Coordination at an Interchange Station through Agent Negotiation [J]. Transportation Science, 2011, 45 (2): 258-270.
[11]
VANSTEENWEGENP, VAN OUDHEUSDED. Developing Railway Timetables which Guarantee a Better Service [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2006, 173 (1): 337-350.
LIQinghua, WANGXinyan. Study on Departure Time of Passenger Trains in Reasonable Following Condition [J]. Railway Transport and Economy, 2012, 34 (7): 34-37, 40-41. in Chinese
GUOGencai, NIELei, TONGLu. Train Connection Model for Cyclic Timetable of High Speed Rail Network [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2015, 37 (8): 1-7. in Chinese
GUOGencai, NIELei, TONGLu, et al. A New Cyclic Timetabling Model for Potential Connections [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2016, 38 (8): 8-15. in Chinese
LITianqi, NIELei, TANYuyan. Study on Cyclic Timetable Generation of High-Speed Rail Based on Transfer Connection Optimization [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2019, 41 (3): 10-19. in Chinese
[20]
NACHTIGALLK, VOGETS. A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Periodic Railway Synchronization [J]. Computers and Operations Research, 1996, 23 (5): 453-463.
[21]
NACHTIGALLK, VOGETS. Minimizing Waiting Times in Integrated Fixed Interval Timetables by Upgrading Railway Tracks [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997, 103 (3): 610-627.
XUHan, NIELei, TANYuyan. The Adding Train Paths Model on Cyclic Timetable Based on Flexible Connection [J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2018, 15 (9): 2439-2447. in Chinese
LIUXu, FUHuiling, XUNeng, et al. Rescheduling Timetable for Optimizing Train Connection Plan of High-Speed Railway [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information, 2022, 20 (4): 111-122. in Chinese
ZHANGPu, ZHAOPeng, QIAOKe, et al. Research on High-Speed Railway Timetable Rescheduling Considering Passenger Transfer [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2022, 44 (2): 8-15. in Chinese