In order to address the challenges posed by extensive computational requirements, prolonged computation time and reduced calculation accuracy in the dynamic analysis of vehicle-track nonlinear spatial coupling systems,the vehicle-track nonlinear spatial coupling vibration model is enhanced along with improvements made to the cross iterative method. The dynamic models for the vehicle and track spatial subsystems are separately established using the finite element method. The wheel-rail contact geometric relationship is constructed based on the "trajectory method". A "projection point difference method" is proposed to determine the position of wheel-rail spatial contact points while introducing wheel-rail quasi-elastic contact for refinement purposes in order to enhance the wheel-rail contact relationship. Considering the characteristics of vehicle-track nonlinear spatial coupling systems,the algorithm for solving system dynamic equations based on Newmark numerical integration and cross iterative methods has been improved while providing a comprehensive outline of numerical calculation steps. The effectiveness of the improved model and algorithm is verified by comparing with the calculation results of related literatures. The study shows that: this enhanced model offers superior analytical accuracy enabling faster localization of wheel-rail spatial contact points; meanwhile, the refined algorithm presents a more complete calculation process with clearer steps; both enhancements contribute to improved calculation accuracy without compromising efficiency, thus facilitating easier implementation in numerical programming applications as well as convenient engineering utilization.
以LMA型车轮和60 kg · m-1级钢轨为例,采用“投影对点作差法”进行搜索接触点位置计算。车轮踏面和钢轨轨头廓形由分段曲线函数拟合生成,具体函数表达式可参见文献[20-22]。曲线函数可对横坐标按某一密度离散,生成曲线离散点及其坐标数据数组,以此生成的钢轨轨头廓形(右侧)和车轮踏面型面(右侧)分别如图4和图5所示。接着,在图1(d)所示的全局坐标系下依据车辆-轨道非线性空间耦合系统结构参数,生成左右车轮踏面和钢轨轨头廓形离散点坐标数据数组。
依据德国高速轨道不平顺谱,模拟生成线路空间不平顺随机样本,并以此作为激励,计算单节车辆以200 km · h-1速度运行工况时钢轨截面中心的振动响应,并与文献[26]的结果对比分别如图9和图10所示。图中:红色圆圈处为最大值,红色三角形处为最小值。由图9和图10可知:本文计算的位移和加速度响应均在通常范围内,响应波形也符合物理概念,说明改进模型可以较好地反映板式轨道振动特性;此外,与文献[26]相比,二者在振动趋势和波形上具有较好的一致性,计算响应幅值也与文献[26]列车的单节车辆振动平均幅值接近,验证了本文动力学耦合模型和算法的有效性;局部存在的差异可能是由模型简化和参数取值差异、轨道不平顺和动车组编组数不同引起的。
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