2.School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China
3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2023-05-26
2024-07-01
Issue Date
2026-07-13
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摘要
针对内燃动力系统大功率、高集成化加剧散热,以及线路环境可能影响动力包通风性能和烟气扩散等问题,基于SST k-ω模型和定常/非定常可压缩雷诺平均方程,模拟动车组车体动力包周围和车顶排烟口下游空调周围的流场特性,分析车速和隧道对动力包风机通风性能以及排烟口对空调进烟量的影响。结果表明:风机流量受车速和位置的影响,同一动力包中上游风机流量稍大,而尾车则尤为明显,车速为160 km · h-1时尾车上下游风机流量差异可达7%;空调新风口进烟量与车速正相关,尤其是紧靠排烟口空调的下游新风口进烟量;列车在进出隧道过程中其动力包格栅进风量出现脉冲式变化,两侧格栅进气量有所差异。
Abstract
The high power and high integration of internal combustion power system exacerbate the heat dissipation, and the line environment may affect the ventilation performance of the power pack and smoke diffusion problem. Based on the SST k-ω model and the constant/non-constant compressible Reynolds averaging equations, the flow field characteristics around the power pack of the train body and around the air conditioner downstream of the smoke vent on the roof were simulated to analyze the influence of the speed of the train and the tunnel on the ventilation performance of the power pack fan and the smoke vent on the smoke intake of the air conditioner. The results show that: the fan flow is affected by the speed and location of the car, the upstream fan flow in the same power pack is slightly larger, the tail car is especially obvious, and the difference between the upstream and downstream fan flow in the tail car can be up to 7% at the speed of 160 km · h-1; the smoke intake of air conditioning fresh air inlet is positively correlated with the speed of the car, especially the downstream fresh air inlet of air conditioning which is right next to the smoke exhaust; the air intake of the grill of the train's power pack appears to have pulsed change during the process of entering and exiting the tunnel, with the difference in the grill intake of the two sides.
为模拟废气排放,根据风机厂商提供数据定义边界中风机的具体参数,并结合图2(c),将车顶排烟口定义为质量流量入口边界,质量流量为556 g · s-1,温度为748.15 K,烟气组分为3.71×104;将位于动力包上方车体两侧的方形区域(内燃机进气口)定义为质量流量出口边界,质量流量为538.9 g · s-1,温度为300 K。为模拟空调进风,结合图3(b),将空调新风口也定义为质量流量出口边界,头、中和尾车的空调质量流量分别为51.1,24.1和25.5 g · s-1。
从表1可知:车速为0 km · h-1时,头车和尾车动力包风量均值在2.137 kg · s-1左右,符合上述一致性预期,也说明本次仿真所得数据的可靠性;从车速80和160 km · h-1工况中数据可知,对称布置的风机通风量差异不超过0.5%,说明两侧对称布置风机的风量对称性较好,也符合预期。
从表1还可知:车速明显改变了动力包中风机风量分布,动力包中上游风机的通风量大于下游风机;上述差异还会因车速增加进一步加剧,如车速为80 km · h-1时头车动力包上、下游风机风量的差异在2%~3%左右,车速为160 km · h-1时尾车动力包上下游风机风量差异在5.5%~7%左右;通过对比各处风机风量可知,动力包下游风机性能受车速影响相对更加明显,降幅较大;对比头、尾车动力包进气格栅风量发现,尾车动力包格栅进气量小于头车(1.3%~3.5%),上述差异会因车速增加而进一步加剧。
2.2 隧道压力波对动力包通风性能影响
以80 km · h-1车速通过隧道时无裙板列车动力包处压力和通风格栅流量变化如图18所示。从图18可知:在列车进和出隧道过程中,动力包格栅进风量会出现脉冲式变化;同一动力包两侧格栅进气量有差异,头车动力包中靠近隧道一侧的格栅进气量稍大,但是尾车动力包中的情况则相反,整体而言,两侧格栅进气量差异也不超过3%;头车动力包格栅进气量(≈4.2 kg · s-1)明显小于尾车的(≈4.4 kg · s-1),差异不超过5%。
以80 km · h-1车速通过隧道时有裙板列车动力包处压力和通风格栅流量变化如图19所示。从图19可知:在列车进入隧道过程中,动力包格栅进气量也存在波动,但是明显小于无裙板的情况,即裙板有效抑制了列车进入隧道(流动界面突变)引起的流场突变对格栅进气的影响;对于头车动力包,靠近隧道一侧的格栅进气量稍大于远离侧,尾车动力包的情况则相反,且头尾车两侧格栅进气量均值差异均不超过1.5%;裙板明显降低了动力包格栅进气量,降幅不超过5%;裙板未改变尾车格栅进气量大于头车的现象。
以160 km · h-1车速通过隧道时无裙板列车动力包处压力和通风格栅流量变化如图20所示。从图20可知:列车进出隧道过程中动力包格栅进风量有明显变化,均出现较大幅值的陡降和陡升;头、尾车动力包中远离隧道侧格栅进气量略有增加,平均增幅不超过5%;靠近隧道一侧格栅进气量在隧道内外的差异不明显,靠近隧道一侧的格栅进气量波动稍大于远离隧道一侧(6%~8%),尤其是位于头车的动力包格栅;尾车动力包格栅进气量稍大于头车动力包,尤其是远离隧道一侧的格栅,差异可达10%。
以160 km · h-1车速通过临界长度(1 257 m)隧道的有裙板列车动力包处压力和格栅流量变化如图21所示。通过对比图20和图21可知:列车进入隧道过程中动力包格栅进气量波动被裙板有效抑制,裙板降低了动力包格栅进气量差异,不超过10%,且裙板抑制了头尾车动力包格栅进气量的差异,不超过5%。
2.3 车速对空调新风口进烟量影响
列车空调新风口分布及编号如图22所示,图中蓝色箭头表示空调新风口所在位置,编号从小到大代表从头车位置向尾车增大,黑色圆圈表示列车排烟口所在位置。无横风明线运行列车不同车速下列车顶部空调新风口烟气量分布如图23所示。从图23可知:列车静止状态下,几乎没有烟气通过空调新风口;列车运行时,通过空调新风口的烟气量增加,且随着车速增加而显著增大,尤其是紧靠排烟口下游第1个空调,其中位于该空调的下游新风口4和新风口12的平均烟气质量流量增加程度更加显著,其他位置处新风口的烟气量均低于0.01 g · s-1。
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