In response to the issue that the pantograph-catenary force calculated by traditional simulation methods cannot accurately analyze the fatigue life of the contact wire under the influence of complex environmental factors during actual operation, the measured data of pantograph-catenary force is obtained through the collected vertical contact force, compensation acceleration, and aerodynamic lifting force of the pantograph-catenary system with the help of a high-speed comprehensive inspection train and the pantograph-catenary equivalent mass model on the basis of the force analysis of the contact wire. Then, the rainflow counting method is applied to process the data by compressing, extracting peak and valley values, and cycle counting. On this basis, by combining the material characteristics of the contact wire, the fatigue life of the contact wire and the safe operation years of the up and down contact wires under single pantograph operation are determined. A comparative analysis is conducted to examine the impact of the contact force on the fatigue life of the contact wire under single and double pantograph operation and before and after maintenance. The results indicate that there is a significant variation in the fatigue life of the contact wire within each anchor section of the line, with the contact wire at concentrated mass load points such as anchor points or suspension wires typically having a shorter fatigue life. Under single pantograph operation, the minimum safe operation lifespan of the contact wire is 13.05 years; for double pantograph operation, it is 10.03 years, which is less than that of single pantograph operation. After maintenance of the contact wire, the minimum safe operation lifespan under single pantograph operation is increased to 17.78 years, with the overall safe operation lifespan ranging between 17.78 and 28.38 years.
国内外学者对接触线疲劳特性开展了大量研究[3-6]。Sunar等[7]通过分析接触线裂纹的萌生和扩展,对磨损的接触线进行疲劳寿命评估;Kim等[8]利用疲劳累积损伤理论计算400 km · h-1速度运行工况下列车接触线的疲劳损伤结果,并利用计算数据评估接触线的剩余使用寿命;Sugahara等[9]提出使用雨流计数法估算接触线的疲劳寿命,并验证了该方法的可靠性;Sunar[10]研究电弧放电对接触网的影响,并预测了接触线在电弧暴露前后的疲劳寿命;侯日根[11]针对京沪高速铁路的实际运行工况,根据接触网吊弦及支撑和定位装置的位移分布和工作载荷,设计了相关疲劳试验条件;刘涛等[12]基于运行工况设计接触网零部件疲劳寿命的分析流程,并分析了京沪高铁某段接触网的疲劳寿命;张强[13]建立了接触网中吊弦的三维模型,结合弓网耦合动力学对吊弦进行应力仿真分析,计算吊弦的疲劳使用寿命;刘金增等[14]建立了弓网动态仿真模型,分析承力索座、腕臂等零部件的载荷谱,并估算不同运行速度下各部件的疲劳寿命;孙少南等[15]通过拉伸试验和疲劳试验研究了老化后接触网零部件的材料疲劳特性,为接触网零部件的标准试样设计提供参考;陈立明[16]建立了接触网系统的有限元模型,研究高速受电弓作用下整体吊弦的动应力变化情况;康熊等[17]根据受电弓弓头部分的垂向冲击加速度波形特征,提出了一种三参数评判准则,用于检测接触线不同位置处的硬点;毕继红等[18-19]使用ANSYS参数化设计语言(APDL)编写了雨流计数法命令流,对弹性链形悬挂接触网接触线进行了疲劳寿命仿真估算。由此可知,目前国内外学者对接触线疲劳寿命的研究主要采用基于有限元仿真的数值分析,更侧重于理论研究,缺少实际运行环境下各因素对接触线疲劳寿命的影响分析,而实测数据可以较好地弥补这些因素的影响,在工程上具有一定的实践指导意义。
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