1.State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application, Anshan Liaoning 114009, China
2.Technical Center, Ansteel Group Co. , Ltd. , Anshan Liaoning 114009, China
3.Metals & Chemistry Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2023-07-14
2024-09-01
Issue Date
2026-07-13
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摘要
为开发适应重载铁路用高强韧、高硬度耐磨钢轨,按照C-Si-Mn-Cr成分设计体系进行U77MnCrH钢轨钢的成分设计和中试试验;基于中试试验的组织性能,筛选出组织性能较好的试验钢进行75 kg · m-1 U77MnCrH钢轨试制试验;使用金相显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、万能拉伸试验机及硬度计对75 kg · m-1 U77MnCrH钢轨试样进行组织性能分析。结果表明:随着Cr含量由0.26%增加到0.38%,钢轨钢试样中珠光体片层间距由165 nm减小到146 nm,抗拉强度和硬度均有提高,屈服强度Rp0.2与断后伸长率均有降低;随着Si含量由0.25%增加到0.45%,珠光体片层间距由165 nm减小到132 nm,断后伸长率和硬度均有提高,屈服强度Rp0.2明显增加,抗拉强度变化不大;0.45%的Si配合0.26%的Cr获得的钢轨珠光体更加均匀细小,片层间距分布更加均匀,力学性能与硬度匹配更好,抗拉强度达到1 258 MPa,屈服强度Rp0.2达到845 MPa,断后伸长率达到13.0%,轨头顶面硬度达384 HBW,横断面硬度介于36.2~38.8 HRC。75 kg · m-1 U77MnCrH钢轨的各项指标对生产实践具有较强的参考价值。
Abstract
To develop high-strength, high-toughness and high-hardness wear-resistant rails for heavy-haul railways, the composition design and intermediate pilot test of U77MnCrH rail steel were conducted according to the C-Si-Mn-Cr compositional design system. Based on the microstructure and properties of the intermediate pilot test, steel with better microstructure and properties was selected for 75 kg · m-1 U77MnCrH rail rolling test. The microstructure and properties of 75 kg · m-1 U77MnCrH rail samples were studied using optical microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, a universal tensile testing machine and a hardness tester. The results show that as the content of chromium increases from 0.26% to 0.38%, the lamellar spacing of pearlite decreases from 165 nm to 146 nm, accompanied by an increase in tensile strength and hardness, but a decrease in yield strength Rp0.2 and elongation at fracture. As the content of silicon increases from 0.25% to 0.45%, the lamellar spacing of pearlite decreases from 165 nm to 132 nm, resulting in increased elongation at fracture and hardness, as well as a notable increase in yield strength Rp0.2, while the tensile strength remains relatively unchanged. The pearlite of rail steel with 0.45% silicon and 0.26% manganese is more uniform and finer with a more homogeneously distribution of lamellar spacing, achieving an optimal balance between mechanical properties and hardness. It demonstrates a tensile strength of 1,258 MPa, a yield strength Rp0.2 of 845 MPa, an elongation at fracture of 13.0%, hardness of rail head top surface of 384 HBW, and a cross-sectional hardness ranging from 36.2 to 38.8 HRC. The various indicators of the 75 kg · m-1 U77MnCrH rail provide valuable references for production practice.
经过对中试试验获得的1#—6#试验钢的组织性能分析后发现,3#—6#试验钢成分具备开展现场试制条件,但综合考虑钢轨开发过程中在满足技术指标要求的情况下,合理降低合金成本,在中试试验满足试制条件的3#~6#试验钢成分中刨除合金含量最高的6#试验钢成分,选择3#—5#试验钢成分进行现场试制,对应的成分钢轨编号为3#—5#,进一步分析评价钢轨的组织性能,为75 kg · m-1 U77MnCrH钢轨的工业化大生产提供成分选择理论支撑。
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