Ultrasonic detection has been widely used as an important means of rail flaw detection. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of flaw detection data obtained using traditional ultrasonic transmitting and receiving methods is often low due to ghost echo and transducer mutual interference. To address this issue, the influence mechanism of ghost echo and transducer mutual interference is discussed according to the characteristics that the frequency of ultrasonic excitation of piezoelectric wafers in ultrasonic transducer coincides with that of the high-voltage pulse excitation of piezoelectric wafer in the loaded transducer. The double-beat orthogonal code technology is studied, high voltage pulse excitation signal with orthogonal frequency is applied to piezoelectric wafer of ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic transmitting signal with orthogonal frequency. The corresponding decoding method is employed to suppress ghost echoes and the transducer mutual interface, thereby enhancing the SNR of detection data. An experimental platform for the ultrasonic system is built, and the A-display and B-display test data from national standard flaw detection are analyzed. The results show that for A-display data, the suppression of ghost echoes and the transducer mutual interference by the double-beat orthogonal code is more effective than that of the damaged signal, with an average suppression ratio of 10.39 dB. For B-display data, the damage detection rate is 100% when using the double-beat orthogonal code mode, and the ghost wave and the transducer mutual interference elimination is 100%. Compared with traditional ultrasonic transmitting and receiving methods, the double-beat orthogonal code ultrasonic transmitting and receiving technology can eliminate the influence of ghost echoes and the transducer mutual interference, improve the SNR of ultrasonic signal, and reduce the misjudgment and missed detection of injury, all without compromising the damage detection rate.
超声系统试验平台上位机超声控制软件主要实现检测回波闸门、阈值及增益设置,存储、显示超声探伤A显、B显数据等功能;下位机超声发射接收控制单元主要实现高压脉冲发射,超声回波信号滤波、增益放大等功能;超声探轮实现超声发射、接收功能;环形轨道转台、由驱动电机带动可以实现最大80 km · h-1的运转速度,完成探伤动态试验。试验分别针对转台上国标伤损A显数据和B显数据的分析以证明双拍正交编解码技术可以有效抑制幻象波和换能器串扰,从而提高超声波信号信噪比。
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