R & D Center, CRRC Tangshan Co. , Ltd. , Tangshan Hebei 064000, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2022-12-04
2024-09-01
Issue Date
2026-07-13
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摘要
为验证高强钢A588-A作为碰撞吸能盒材料的可行性,在分析高强钢A588-A材料特性的基础上,根据美标要求制作高强钢A588-A材料的拉伸试样,进行准静态拉伸试验,建立有限元模型并进行仿真计算,获取其准确的力学性能;建立高强钢A588-A吸能盒单件和组件的三维模型和有限元模型,对吸能盒组件进行模拟碰撞仿真计算,并与实物碰撞试验进行对比。结果表明:由高强钢A588-A为基材的吸能盒组件具有优良的耐撞性能,33 km · h-1冲击速度下的吸能量达2.06 MJ,可作为高速、重载轨道车辆吸能盒的首选材料;模拟碰撞仿真计算结果和实物碰撞试验结果具有高度的匹配性,可通过模拟碰撞仿真对设计方案进行有效的验证。
Abstract
In order to verify the feasibility of high strength alloy A588-A as a crush box material, based on the analysis of the material characteristics of high strength alloy A588-A, tensile samples of high strength alloy A588-A were made according to the requirements of American standard, and quasi-static tests were carried out. The finite element models were built and the simulation calculation was carried out, to acquire the accurate mechanics characteristics. The finite element model of high strength alloy A588-A specimen and the three-dimensional model and finite element model of the components and assemblies of the crush box were built. The simulation calculation of the crash box was carried out, and the comparison was made with the physical crash test. The results show that the crush box made of high strength alloy A588-A as the material has excellent crashworthiness performance: the absorbed energy is up to 2.06 MJ at the crash speed of 33 km · h-1, and high strength alloy A588-A can be used as the preferred material for crush boxes of high-speed and heavy-haul rail vehicles. The simulation results of crash simulation highly match with results of the physical crash test, and the design scheme can be effectively verified with crash simulation
姚松和田红旗采用数值计算方法研究几种典型薄壁结构在撞击时的变形模式和力学特性,研究结果表明该结构具有较好的力学特性和稳定的变形模式[1]。卢毓江等[2]建立包括轨道子系统、轮轨关系子系统、车钩缓冲器-防爬器子系统以及车辆子系统的纵向-垂向碰撞动力学模型,采用数值积分法进行时域求解,将数值求解结果与有限元仿真和试验结果对比,验证列车纵向-垂向碰撞动力学耦合模型的正确性。李松晏等[3]运用LS-DYNA软件模拟高速列车头车碰撞刚性墙的冲击过程,对牵引梁结构进行改进,并对4种优化设计方案进行数值模拟,发现采用大的圆角半径的厚管并填充泡沫铝的方案改进效果最明显。杜秋男[4]以某新型无人驾驶列车为研究载体,以列车耐撞性为研究目标,采用数值仿真分析方法对该车辆的耐撞性进行评估,结果表明车辆的碰撞吸能装置能够满足25 km · h-1碰撞速度的要求。邢杰等[5]提出一种新型的防撞柱结构,并进行有限元分析和样车试验,结果表明防撞柱结构的变形响应稳定且没有撕裂,达到了试验预期。尚昱煌等6]设计一种具有锥度和内嵌隔板的矩形管,将其与传统矩形管进行对比计算分析和试验验证,结果表明双内嵌隔板式矩形管的耐撞性优于传统矩形管。许平等[7]设计一种方锥式防爬吸能结构,基于多目标遗传优化算法建立8辆编组列车碰撞纵向多体动力学模型,分析吸能结构配置不同动力学参数时对列车耐撞性能的影响,提出以头车吸能量和列车总体加速度为车体端部耐撞性评价指标。上述研究主要集中在吸能结构的设计和模拟仿真方法上,而对吸能结构的材料选择和碰撞性能的研究相对较少,而吸能结构的材质也是影响轨道车辆耐撞性能的关键因素。
为验证吸能盒组件的耐撞性能,结合后续试验工况建立了如图6所示的2种吸能组件的滑车碰撞仿真模型[12]。其中,司机室端吸能盒和防爬器采用壳单元模拟,导向管、套筒及其连接附件采用实体单元模拟。为减少计算时间并保证计算精度,单个网格边长约为8 mm。导向管和套筒间的摩擦系数设置为0.1。对滑车模型的横向和垂向运动进行约束,仅允许其沿纵向运动。根据期望获得的冲击能量对滑车赋予一定的质量和初始速度,并将冲击墙建模成1个特定布局了负载单元的大冲击板。司机室端和非司机室端吸能结构设定的初始速度分别为33.4和20.1 km · h-1。
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