1.Railway Science & Technology Research & Development Center, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China
2.School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2023-07-28
2024-09-01
Issue Date
2026-07-13
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摘要
针对服役高速动车组关键悬挂部件动力学参数变化后动力学指标分布特征缺乏的问题,对运营里程为145万km的某型动车组的转臂节点径向和轴向刚度、抗蛇行减振器0.01和0.02 m · s-1加载速度下的阻尼力进行测试和统计,结果均服从正态分布;建立并验证动车组参数化的动力学仿真模型,将转臂节点刚度和抗蛇行减振器阻尼力视为随机变量,构建基于改进拉丁超立方抽样的高速动车组动力学仿真方法,包含拉丁超立方抽样、轮轨型面与抽样结果组合、更换动车组仿真模型参数、动车组动力学仿真及动力学指标计算、动力学指标统计分析等内容。采用该方法进行动车组的动力学仿真计算,结果表明:服役近145万km的动车组脱轨系数、轮轴横向力和构架横向加速度随车轮磨耗的增加呈上升趋势,轮重减载率、垂向平稳性、横向平稳性指标呈先上升后下降趋势,但所有指标均未超限;脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轴横向力、横向平稳性指标、垂向平稳性指标及构架横向加速度均呈正态分布;脱轨系数分布范围为0.036~0.207,均值为0.075,标准差为0.020;轮重减载率分布范围为0.107~0.262,均值为0.164,标准差为0.036;轮轴横向力分布范围为4.209~16.701 kN,均值为8.438 kN,标准差为2.221 kN;横向平稳性指标分布范围为1.351~2.469,均值为1.566,标准差为0.149,垂向平稳性指标分布范围为2.260~2.323,均值为2.273,标准差为0.005;构架横向加速度分布范围为0.906~3.994 m · s-2,均值为1.978 m · s-2,标准差为0.590 m · s-2。
Abstract
In response to the lack of high-speed EMU dynamics index distribution characteristics after changes in the dynamic parameters of key suspension components in service, the radial and axial stiffness of positioning nodal point of rotary arm, and the damping force of the anti-yaw dampers at 0.01 and 0.02 m · s-1 loading speeds of a certain type of high-speed EMU with an operating mileage of 1.45 million km were tested and statistically analyzed, and all the results obeyed normal distribution. The parameterized dynamics simulation model of the EMU was established and validated, the stiffness of positioning nodal point of rotary arm and the damping force of the anti-yaw damper were considered as random variables, and then a high-speed EMU dynamics simulation method based on the improved Latin hypercube sampling was constructed, which included Latin hypercubic sampling, the combination of the wheel-rail profile with sampling results, the replacement of EMU simulation model parameters, EMU dynamics simulation and dynamic index calculation, and statistical analysis of dynamic index. The results of the dynamic simulation calculation of the high-speed EMU using this method show that: the derailment coefficient, wheelset lateral force and bogie lateral acceleration of the high-speed EMU in service for nearly 1.45 million km show an upward trend with the increase of wheel wear, and the rate of wheel load reduction, vertical smoothness indexes and lateral smoothness indexes show an upward and then a downward trend, but all the dynamic indexes do not exceed limited values; the derailment coefficient, the rate of wheel load reduction, lateral wheelset force, lateral smoothness indexes, vertical smoothness indexes and bogie lateral acceleration are all normally distributed; the derailment coefficient distribution range from 0.036 to 0.207, the mean value is 0.075, the standard deviation is 0.020, the distribution range of the rate of wheel load reduction is 0.107 to 0.262, the mean value is 0.164, and the standard deviation is 0.036; the lateral wheelset force distribution range from 4.209 kN to 16.701 kN, the mean value is 8.438 kN and the standard deviation is 2.221 kN; the lateral smoothness index distribution range from 1.351 to 2.469, the mean value is 1.566, and the standard deviation is 0.149; the vertical smoothness index distribution range from 2.260 to 2.323, the mean value is 2.273, and the standard deviation is 0.005; the distribution range of the lateral acceleration of frame is 0.906 to 3.994 m · s-2, the mean value is 1.978 m · s-2 and the standard deviation is 0.590 m · s-2.
本文首先在常温条件下测试某型动车组服役145万km的转臂节点径向、轴向刚度及抗蛇行减振器在0.01和0.02 m · s-1的加载速度下的阻尼力,获得转臂节点刚度和抗蛇行减振器阻尼力的概率密度分布函数,并通过车轮磨耗预测获得0~30万km的车轮型面,同时考虑轮轨摩擦系数、轨底坡和轨距考虑为正态分布,通过参数化建模的方式建立该型动车组的动力学仿真模型。针对轮轨型面获取的特点,构建基于改进拉丁超立方采样方法的高速动车组动力学仿真方法,并对动车组的动力学指标进行计算,得到动车组服役145万km时的动力学指标分布范围。
动车组构架横向加速度随镟后里程的变化趋势如图12所示。由图12可知:随着运营里程的增加,构架横向加速度的平均值不断增加,20万km处最小、为1.00 m · s-2,30万km处最大、为3.99 m · s-2,均未超过加速度限值7.84 m · s-2,表明该型动车组在镟后里程30万km内未发生失稳;从分布的集中度看,随运营里程的增加,动车组构架横向加速度的分布范围扩大,分散程度越来越重。
(1)对运营里程为145万km的某型动车组的转臂节点径向和轴向刚度、抗蛇行减振器0.01和0.02 m · s-1加载速率下的阻尼力进行测试和统计分析,结果表明这些指标均服从正态分布,从而计算得到正态分布的期望值和标准差。基于对车轮型面测试分析转化得到的磨耗系数,针对京沪高铁动车组车轮进行30万km的磨耗预测,并得到0,5万,10万,15万,20万,25万和30万km的车轮型面。
(2)构建动车组转臂节点刚度、抗蛇行减振器0.01和0.02 m · s-1加载速率下的阻尼力、车轮型面、轮轨摩擦系数、轨距及轨底坡为参数的参数化模型,并采用实测的构架和车体加速度对模型进行验证。
(3)构建基于改进拉丁超立方抽样的考虑随机变量的高速动车组动力学仿真方法,该方法包含改进拉丁超立方抽样、轮轨型面与抽样结果组合、更换动力学模型的参数、仿真与动力学指标计算、动力学指标统计分析等部分组成。采用该方法进行仿真计算,结果表明:服役近145万km动车组的脱轨系数、轮轴横向力和构架横向加速度随车轮磨耗的增加呈上升趋势,轮重减载率、垂向平稳性、横向平稳性指标呈先上升后下降趋势,但所有指标均未超限;脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轴横向力、横向平稳性指标均呈正态分布;脱轨系数分布范围为0.036~0.207,均值为0.075,标准差为0.020,轮重减载率分布范围为0.107~0.262,均值为0.164,标准差为0.036,轮轴横向力分布范围为4.209~16.701 kN,均值为8.438 kN,标准差为2.221 kN;横向平稳性指标分布范围为1.351~2.469,均值为1.566,标准差为0.149;垂向平稳性和构架横向加速度分布较复杂,垂向平稳性指标分布范围为2.260~2.323,均值为2.273,构架横向加速度分布范围为0.906~3.994 m · s-2,均值为1.978 m · s-2。
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