1.State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures, School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050043, China
2.Kailuan Construction (Group) Co. , Ltd. , Tangshan Hebei 063000, China
3.School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou Hebei 075000, China
In subway artificial ground freezing projects, the freezing system's cooling operation mode is often monolithic and lacks dynamic change, which will cause significant energy waste during construction. Therefore, based on the calculation model of the cooling capacity of the single-tube freezer, the cooling energy supply on demand operation mode for group freezing pipes was established. This mode incorporated the calculation method of heat transfer efficiency of the brine within the freezer and the equivalent calculation model of the group freezing pipes. It realized the quantitative solution for the cooling capacity of the freezing system. The results show that the cooling energy supply on demand calculation method could effectively reflect the dynamic variation in the refrigerating capacity of the freezer, with the calculation accuracy meeting engineering requirements. Parameters such as frozen wall shape, soil thermal conductivity, brine temperature are the critical factors affecting the freezing capacity of the freezer. For specific projects, the frozen wall shape is key to determining the freezing capacity of the freezer. Different freezing pipes produce inconsistent frozen walls. To accurately calculate the refrigeration capacity of the entire freezing system, the longitudinal temperature solution method or longitudinal temperature measurement technology should be used to precisely determine the conditions of each freezing pipe or each layer of the freezing pipe. Then the equivalent substitution method is used to determine the required cooling capacity. The experimental results show that the calculation error is 1.7%, satisfying the engineering accuracy requirements. The relevant research findings will provide a technical basis for the efficient and low-carbon operation of freezing systems in various subway freezing projects.
由图2可知:积极冻结初期地层最大吸冷量呈线性上升,后期近似线性下降;整个积极冻结期内,地层最大吸冷量最大值为564 W · m-2,最小值139 W · m-2,平均值为320 W · m-2,而如果依据规程设计制冷系统则其能生产的冷量为278~333 W · m-2。这表明在工程早期,制冷系统所生产的冷量远低于地层最大吸冷量,这一能量缺口会导致冻土发育缓慢;在工程后期,制冷系统所能生产的冷量高于地层最大吸冷量,此时制冷系统存在大量冗余,如不调整运转状态,会造成大量的电量浪费。
监测系统主要由温度监测、热流密度监测和管道流速监测3部分组成,图5为对角布置的2个冻结管及其周围测点示意图,作图范围为中部1.7 m × 1.45 m的主监测范围。其中,温度监测由DS18b20型温度传感器配合CHL型温度采集模块完成,温度实际测量精度为±0.062 5 ℃,采集频率设置为每小时1次。热流密度监测系统由2个JCT08型热流传感器和JT2020-05型手持式多功能热流计组成,该系统测量范围为0~2 000 W · m-2,测量精度为±5%。管道流速采用超声波流量计测试,测量范围为0~32 m · s-1,测量精度0.2 m · s-1,传感器采用“Z型”方式安装于盐水去路管道中部。由于本工程中2根冻结器的长度、状态均一致,因此认为二者的管道阻力一致,流速一致,冻结器内盐水流速按照主管道流速的一半进行取值。
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