The interlayer interface is a weak link of ballastless track, susceptible to the development of interlayer separation joints under long-term loading. Once water infiltrates the separation joints, it can easily cause slurry damage. To study the mechanism of interlayer grouting of the ballastless track under train loading, a simulation device for interlayer detachment of the ballastless track was designed. Using this device, particle erosion tests were conducted on the interlayer of the ballastless track. A binocular 3D scanner was employed to acquire data on the concrete surface morphology. Contour maps depicting the surface morphology of concrete before and after erosion were generated following data processing. The changes in the surface morphology of concrete before and after particle flow erosion were compared, and the effects of concrete mix ratio, particle flow characteristics, and particle size on concrete surface erosion were studied. The results show that after 9 million cycles of high-frequency loading, the average erosion depth on the surface of C15 concrete is about 1.106 mm, and the average erosion depth on the surface of C40 concrete is 0.186 mm. Under the action of particle flow erosion, the rough peak erosion on the concrete surface is relatively large. Concrete surface erosion exhibits a positive correlation with both particle flow velocity and concrete mix ratio, while showing a negative correlation with particle size.
无砟轨道层间离缝冒浆病害发展过程中,轨道板与底座板之间层间离缝区域存在一定的冲蚀磨损[4-5]。针对该问题,李耀东[6]从细观角度分析了层间水流特性(动水压力和水流速度)对道床板混凝土表面的冲刷作用,推导了水中颗粒运动对道床板表面的作用力;徐桂弘[7]利用数值模拟软件ANSYS-CFX,建立了无砟轨道离缝冲蚀磨损模型,模拟了层间离缝携带固体颗粒的水流运动状态,研究了水流速度、离缝开口量、固体颗粒粒径对无砟轨道混凝土表面冲刷的影响。在此基础上,魏春城[8]考虑了层间离缝混凝土表面的粗糙特性,基于固液2相建立了无砟轨道层间离缝区域有限元细部冲蚀模型,分析了层间离缝内颗粒的运动特性,研究了颗粒浓度、颗粒运动速度等对混凝土层间离缝冲蚀率的影响。Hu等[9]开展了冲刷角度分别为15°和90°的高速(243 m · s—1)水流冲刷混凝土试验,采用SEM测试冲刷前后混凝土表面微观结构,研究了冲刷角度和冲刷速度对混凝土表面细微裂缝的产生发展和混凝土表面冲蚀率的影响,提出了2种冲刷角度下混凝土表面冲蚀率与冲刷速度之间的数学关系式。Liu等[10]开展了不同配合比混凝土的抗冲刷试验,结果表明配合比越小,混凝土抗冲蚀性能越好。尹延国等[11]对水工混凝土开展了含沙高速水流冲刷试验,分析冲击角度、含沙量和冲刷速度(25~98 m · s—1)对水工混凝土冲蚀的影响,试验发现小角度冲刷时,冲刷颗粒产生的水平剪切力是导致混凝土产生磨损的主要原因。田军涛等[12]基于研发的高速水流冲刷仪器开展了携砂水流冲刷试验,研究了冲刷速度(20~40 m · s—1)和混凝土配合比对混凝土冲蚀磨损的影响,结果表明冲刷速度越大混凝土表面冲蚀磨损程度越大。
以上试验研究受试验加载设备的限制,采用的荷载条件难以反映列车荷载频率高的特点。试验不易观察冲刷前后混凝土表面形貌的变化,研究者为了放大试验现象,多采用高速(20~243 m · s-1)水流冲刷混凝土表面,这与列车荷载作用下无砟轨道层间离缝内水流速度较小的实际情况不符。此外,已开展的无砟轨道层间水流冲刷试验忽略了固体颗粒的影响。
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