In response to the shortcomings of previous rail surface reparative grinding that relied on the accuracy of the rail profile to determine the grinding strategy and ignored the wheel-rail contact state after grinding, a grinding wheel arrangement strategy based on the wheel-rail contact characteristics of the rail grinding profile is proposed. Based on the principle of reparative grinding the rail surface, the relationship between the grinding wheel arrangement strategy and the reconstruction of the rail profile after grinding is determined. Three typical grinding wheel arrangement strategies, namely “rail top to both sides”, “inner side to outer side”, and “two sides to rail top”, are used to establish the rail profile model obtained after grinding. Then, a three-dimensional finite element simulation model of wheel-rail contact is used to analyze the high contact stress and low fatigue cycle distribution characteristics of the rail surface under wheel-rail contact load. The results indicate that changes in the reparative grinding strategy of the rail surface significantly affect the wheel-rail contact characteristics after grinding. Under the condition of a 23 t axle load, three typical grinding wheel arrangement strategies were used to polish the reconstructed rail profile. The maximum contact stresses between the rail surface and the wheel were 863, 1 255, and 904 MPa, respectively, and the minimum strain fatigue cycle times were 1.77×105, 9.97×104, and 1.64×105 times, respectively. The maximum stresses experienced by the maximum contact stress profile on the rail surface were 1 241, 1 376, and 1 270 MPa, respectively. The minimum strain fatigue cycle times were 9.96×104, 8.60×104, and 9.80×104 times, respectively. The wheel-rail contact state after grinding the rail using the “rail top to both sides” grinding wheel arrangement strategy is better than the other two strategies.
轨面修复性打磨用于去除轨面伤损缺陷层、重构钢轨廓形,已有数10年历史,对减少轮轨磨损、降低列车运行噪声、增加运行平稳性、保障列车正常行驶和延长钢轨使用寿命发挥了重要作用[1-4]。修复性打磨采用主动式仿形打磨,打磨砂轮与钢轨轨面间的夹角为90°。当钢轨打磨车移动时,旋转砂轮与轨面垂直,使砂轮可以磨平轨面的凸凹部分、去除伤损层并重构钢轨廓形,打磨后的轨面平整光滑。钢轨打磨车配置多套安装了打磨砂轮(1个砂轮为1头)的打磨小车,基于设定的位置、转速和加载力对轨面实施打磨[5]。主动式打磨常用于轨面的定期修复性打磨,通过调整打磨砂轮施加的压力和转速进行1遍打磨达到控制1次打磨量的目的[6];最常用的钢轨打磨设备有20,48和96头钢轨打磨车,依据打磨头数差异,其打磨速度范围为3~16 km · h-1,1遍打磨厚度约为0.1~0.2 mm。
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