1.School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2.Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway Systems, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
3.School of Traffic and Transportation, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China
4.Key Laboratory of Railway Industry on Plateau Railway Transportation Intelligent Management and Control, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China
In order to better meet diverse travel demands of passengers in designing passenger service products, the multi-dimensional demands of passengers are defined as "further integrating personalized requirements of passengers in terms of time and cost based on OD demands". With the objective of minimizing the generalized travel cost consisting of ticket price cost, travel time cost and departure time deviation cost, a joint optimization model for train line planning and ticket pricing based on multi-dimensional travel demands of passengers is constructed with the premise of maintaining the ticket revenue for high-speed rail enterprises. A solution algorithm based on the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm is designed, followed by a case study carried out on the section from Lanzhouxi Railway Station to Xi'anbei Railway Station of the Xuzhou-Lanzhou High-Speed Railway. The results indicate that, after optimization, the travel time cost increases slightly, while the ticket price cost, departure time deviation cost and generalized travel cost decrease by 18.58%, 48.10% and 19.17%, respectively. Compared with the Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms, the designed ALNS algorithm shows the slowest convergence speed, but the highest iterative solution quality, improving by 16.62% and 23.87%, respectively. This approach can satisfy the requirement of joint optimization work of line planning and ticket pricing across various route scales in actual production, and provide decision-making reference for optimizing passenger transport products.
由于列车发车时间和客流分配变量的存在,联合优化模型具有非线性、决策变量维度高等特点,导致难以被精准求解。启发式算法在解决该类复杂组合优化问题时具有非常高的求解效率,已在列车开行方案优化和票价优化问题中得到广泛应用,考虑到自适应大邻域搜索(Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search,ALNS)算法在求解过程中,可以根据执行算子的历史表现与使用次数选择下一次迭代的执行算子,通过执行算子之间的竞争生成当前解的邻域解,具有很大概率能够搜索更好的解[19-21],因此,提出基于ALNS设计的求解算法(简称为ALNS算法)并据此求解模型。
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