1.State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China
2.Department of Electrical Engineering, Ganzhou Polytechnic, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2023-12-12
2025-01-01
Issue Date
2026-07-13
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摘要
针对高速轻量化动车组与人体之间动力耦合振动特性研究不充分的问题,基于多体动力学理论和刚柔耦合理论,建立考虑动车组柔性车体与座椅及坐姿人体耦合振动响应的高速动车组柔性车体-座椅-人体耦合动力学模型,研究高速铁路随机轨道不平顺激励下人体生物力学特性对高速轻量化动车组振动特性的影响,以及车体柔性振动作用下不同座位处人体的动力响应特征。结果表明:人体生物力学特性会增大车体某些柔性模态频率;满座工况下,基于人车耦合动力学模型得出的5 Hz频率以上的共振峰频率和横向共振峰幅值较传统车辆动力学模型的大,而垂向共振峰幅值则较传统车辆动力学模型的小;车体振动响应的1阶峰值频率明显降低,而幅值则略有增加;人体在一定程度上起到阻尼吸振的作用,在300 km · h-1行车速度和满座工况下,人体可明显抑制车体5 Hz频率以上的高频垂向振动,而弹性车体的振动则会激发人体垂向5.25 Hz和横向2.13 Hz频率左右的固有模态,使人体在该频域下的振动能量有所增加。因此,若以车体地板振动加速度代替人体响应评估高速动车组的振动舒适性,会与真实的人体振动程度存在一定偏差。
Abstract
To address the insufficient research on the dynamic coupled vibration characteristics of high-speed lightweight electric multiple unit (EMU) vehicle and human body, based on the multi-body dynamics theory and the rigid-flexible coupled theory, a high-speed EMU-seat-human body coupled dynamics model considering the carbody flexibility and the coupled vibration effects of the vehicle, seat and seated human body was established. The influence of the human body biomechanical characteristics on the vibration characteristics of high-speed lightweight EMUs under random track irregularity excitation of high-speed railways and the dynamic response characteristics of the human body at different seats under the action of carbody flexible vibration were studied. The results show that the human body biomechanics characteristics will increase the frequency of some flexible modes of the carbody. Under full occupancy conditions, the resonance peak frequencies above 5 Hz and the lateral resonance peak amplitudes calculated by the human-vehicle coupled dynamics model are larger than those of the traditional vehicle dynamics model, while the vertical resonance peak amplitudes are smaller than those of the traditional model; the first-order peak frequency of the carbody vibration response decreases obviously, while the amplitude increases slightly. The human body plays a certain role in damping and vibration absorption to a certain extent. At a running speed of 300 km · h-1 and full occupancy conditions, the human body can significantly inhibits the high-frequency vertical vibration above 5 Hz of the carbody, and the vibration of the elastic vehicle will stimulate the natural modes of the human body at about 5.25 Hz in vertical direction and 2.13 Hz in lateral direction, thus increasing the vibration energy of the human body in this frequency domain. Therefore, if the vibration acceleration of the vehicle floor is used to replace the human response to evaluate the vibration comfort of high-speed EMUs, there will be a certain deviation from the actual vibration degree of the human body.
限于篇幅,选取了07F座位处的测试结果作为示例,进行了试验测试与仿真结果对比验证分析。得到20 Hz低通滤波处理后的动车组以300 km · h-1速度在直线段运行时车体地板和坐垫的振动加速度信号,并与相同车速、相同位置和满座条件下的仿真结果进行对比,结果如图10所示。由图10可以看出:在时域上,车体地板和坐垫处垂向振动加速度仿真时域幅值与现场测试结果较为接近,地板和坐垫的垂向振动加速度实测最大值分别为0.32和0.22 m · s-2,而仿真最大值分别为0.24和0.29 m · s-2;在频域上,地板和坐垫垂向振动加速度的仿真结果也与现场测试结果的主频较为吻合,均为0.62 Hz。需要说明的是,测试数据频谱中存在2.51 Hz的振动分量,而仿真结果中无该振动成分。分析发现,这是由于测试区位于多跨简支梁桥区间,桥梁每跨长32 m,当动车组以300 km · -1 h速度通过时,车体振动加速度响应中包含了由桥梁跨长引起的周期性振动频率;此外,当振动响应频率大于15 Hz后,仿真与测试结果也存在一些差异,该差异的原因可能是仿真与现场测试的线路状态无法完全一致,尤其是中高频部分存在一定的偏差。
为研究人体生物力学特性对高速车辆振动的影响特征,对比满座时采用传统车辆动力学模型(车辆子模型中不考虑人体-座椅子系统和车体弹性,仅考虑乘客和车体的质量)和高速动车组-座椅-人体耦合动力学模型(简称人车耦合动力学模型)计算的车辆动力响应结果的差异。仿真时,2种动力学模型的质量相同,车辆运行速度为300 km · h-1,轮轨激扰同上。
为分析乘客数量对车体振动的影响规律,考虑了车内空座和满座2种质量不同的工况,应用人车耦合动力学模型计算动车组以300 km · h-1速度运行于直线无砟轨道上时的振动响应情况。分析时,选取的测点位置如图12所示。图中:中部测点1位于车体地板的中轴线上;端部测点2则位于2位端转向架中心偏向车体一侧1 m处的地板上。
在上述分析基础上,进一步分析柔性车体作用下不同座位处人体各部分的振动响应特征。选取满座时图14所示的5个位置测点进行对比。图中:位置1、位置2和位置3对应第1排、第10排和第18排靠窗侧座位;位置2、位置5和位置4对应第10排两侧及中间的座位。仿真时,车辆运行速度300 km · h-1,计算各测点正对的车体地板、乘客与座椅接触的胯部、腹部及头部质心位置处的振动响应。
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