With the continuous growth of EMUs in China, many high-speed railway depots are facing increasing pressures in terms of shunting and maintenance. Under this background, the shunting and maintenance scheduling plans at EMU depots are taken as the research objects, comprehensively considering the resolution of routing conflicts, the factors of double-position tracks and the strategy of flexible storage, thereby a double-layer time-space network that can adapt to different layout forms is established. Meanwhile, a multi-commodity flow model of 0-1 integer linear programming is constructed with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost. Heuristic rules are designed, and the optimization solver and dynamic programming are employed respectively to solve the model. Based on different scales of examples designed by a specific EMU depot, the solution results of these 2 methods are compared. Results indicate that both of them have their pros and cons, but can produce feasible shunting and maintenance scheduling plans within 1 hour. The cost settings for time-space arcs directly influence the optimization direction of the model's objective function. The cost of time-varying operational arcs can encourage the trains to give priority to maintenance tasks, and the fixed penalties for shunting can reduce the frequency of shunting and U-turn operations. In this example, the average start time of train maintenance under time-varying costs is 16.5% earlier than that under constant costs, and the frequency of shunting and U-turn operations are reduced by 11.6% and 31.3% on average.
国内外学者围绕动车所调车计划编制开展了大量的研究。VAN Den BROEK等[1-2]将该问题分解为列车单元(整列列车由1~3个列车单元编组而成)重组、股道运用、作业排程和进路排列4个子问题。HAAHR等[3]针对列车单元配对和股道运用子问题进行了分析。KAMENGA[4]基于股道电路构建了整数线性规划模型,通过求解器求解模型时,设计了顺序求解各子问题的启发式算法以加快求解速度。王忠凯等[5]考虑了股道之间的联通关系,设计了最大最小蚁群算法进行求解。陈韬等[6]将枢纽站与动车所作业计划进行联合编制,应用禁忌搜索算法进行求解。Wang等[7]针对尽端横列式动车所,考虑了股道的双列位配置关系,构建整数规划模型并用Gurobi求解。户佐安等[8]设计了基于调车作业可行路径生成和作业优先次序交换的模拟退火算法来求解动车所调车计划问题。史锦堂等[9]以最小化关键线区总占用时间为首要目标,以最小化总存车次数为次要目标,以动车所内的所有待开展作业为主要索引构建了整数规划模型。He等[10-11]以最小化关键线区总占用时间为目标,针对尽端式动车所设计了启发式粒子群算法求解;并在此基础上考虑不确定扰动下的调车计划优化,提出自适应迭代局部搜索算法进行求解。Xu等[12]根据尽端式动车所的实际联通情况设置物理节点并离散化,构建双层时空网络,用于描述动车组的检修、清洗作业和移动过程,并设计了拉格朗日启发式算法进行求解。总结现有文献发现,在动车所调车计划优化问题上,优化目标一般为最小化作业线区占用时间[5,9-11]、最小化调车作业路径费用[5,7]、最小化存车次数(调车次数)[8-9]等单一目标,或者以上优化目标的复合[1—2,4,12];问题输出为完整的调车计划,保证动车组在进出动车所的时间段内完成所有既定的检修任务,并在任何股道停留和转线时都不与其他动车组发生冲突。虽然国内外均对动车所调车问题进行了多方面的研究,但国外的大部分研究侧重于列车单元配对子问题,并且列车检修任务远没有国内的繁重;国内大部分研究针对特定布置的动车所进行分析,并对问题进行了较大幅度的简化,例如忽略了股道的双列位配置[10-11,14,17]、忽略了进路冲突[13-15]、忽略了列车调头[16]的额外耗时和费用等。
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