The complex environment of small radius curve sections in heavy haul railway introduces a large amount of noise into the A-scan waveform, resulting in dense imaging points in the B-scan, which in turn causes misjudgment of damage. A mask-based wavelet thresholding algorithm is proposed to effectively remove noise in the A-scan. Taking the railhead flaw of a small radius curve rails as an example, the wavelet layer correlation algorithm is used to extract features from the multi-time-frequency-scale waveform and record the coordinates of the feature points. The K-means clustering algorithm is applied to the time-frequency diagram to determine the coordinates of the cluster center with multi-time-frequency-scale features. The wavelet layer correlation results are compared with the time-frequency diagram clustering results through the correlation calculation, and the points with consistent coordinates are retained as the feature extraction results. Based on the feature extraction results, a mask based wavelet thresholding algorithm is used to filter the A-scan waveform, and the filtering effect is evaluated through damage imaging. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the number of B-scan imaging points by 69.91% and 39.15% respectively compared to the original imaging algorithm and low-pass filter, while ensuring the detection rate of damages. This study effectively mitigates noise interference in A-scan waveforms, reduces B-scan imaging point with a high detection rate, providing an effective solution for damage identification in B-scan images of small radius curves.
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