Bridge influence lines represent the static characteristics of bridges and are widely used in vehicle axle load identification and bridge damage assessment. To enhance the accuracy of influence line identification for conventional-speed railway simply-supported beam bridges, this paper proposes a three-stage filtering method for bridge response. Firstly, the bridge response was divided into three stages based on the physical process of the train crossing the bridge. The time-frequency domain characteristics of responses for each stage were analyzed using Morlet continuous wavelet transform. Secondly, given divergent time-frequency characteristics among stages, a three-stage composite filtering method was introduced: low-pass filtering for the entry and exit stages, and median filtering for the passage stage. The optimal filtering parameters for low-pass and median filtering were determined using the time-frequency characteristics of the response and genetic algorithm, respectively. Finally, to ensure the continuity and sequential of the signal, the median and low-pass filtering were applied near the signal segment points, to achieve smooth transition. Through numerical cases validation, the results demonstrated that the three-stage filtering method provided better filtering performance and higher identification accuracy for the influence line compared to traditional low-pass filtering method for identifying influence lines of simply-supported beam bridges for conventional-speed railway. Furthermore, under varying train speeds and track irregularities, the standard root-mean-square error and peak error were less than 5% and 6% respectively, verifying strong adaptability and robustness of the proposed method.
列车的运营速度受路况、载重和机车类型等多种因素的共同影响。在我国,HX型机车最高速度可达120 km · h-1,而SS型机车的最高速度一般不超过100 km · h-1[22]。国内主要重载线路,如朔黄线,列车的最高运行速度一般为80 km · h-1,而在弯道、桥梁等复杂环境下,速度甚至会更低。基于此,本文针对60~120 km · h-1的速度范围进行研究,设置5种工况:工况1,列车速度为5 km · h-1,模拟准静态;工况2—工况5,列车速度依次为60,80,100和120 km · h-1模拟运营状态。
研究表明,桥梁在温度变化及列车荷载等外部作用下会产生显著变形,从而引起轨道不平顺[23],并对列车运行产生干扰。在不同的轨道不平顺条件下,桥梁响应动态成分会有所不同,可能会对桥梁影响线的准确识别造成干扰。本文对不同等级的轨道不平顺进行了数值模拟分析,列车速度仍采用80 km · h-1,设置3种工况:工况6—工况8分别采用6,5和4级轨道不平顺(美国谱)。图19给出了工况1、工况6、工况7和工况8下的桥梁响应。
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