1.School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Maintenance of Geotechnical and Tunnel Engineering in Extreme Environment, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China
By means of theoretical derivation, numerical simulation, and field measurements, a prediction method for the 100-meter air leakage rate of tunnel air ducts was studied and proposed. Initially, a segmented recursive algorithm for air duct leakage was established through theoretical derivation. Numerical simulations were then employed to verify this algorithm, and a predictive formula for the 100-meter air leakage rate of air duct was derived via multivariate nonlinear regression. Finally, based on field measured results from 21 working zones across 15 tunnels under construction, the tunnel air ducts were classified into 4 grades according to the damage degree, the recommended values for effective air leakage area ratios of tunnel air duct under each grade were provided, and the predicted method was verified with the field measured results. The results showed that the primary influencing factors of 100-meter air leakage rates in plains-area tunnels were duct diameter, opening area, ventilation distance, and friction resistance coefficient, listed in descending order of significance. For 17 statistically representative air ducts, compliance with the standard air leakage rate of 1% required reductions in effective air leakage area ratios by 27%, 52%, 83%, and 88% for Grade I to Grade IV air ducts respectively to meet the specification requirements. The average error between predicted and measured 100-meter air leakage rates for 6 air ducts in the selected verification set and other references was 4.9%, which is basically consistent with each other, confirming the reliability of the proposed prediction method.
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