Rock hardness is the main factor affecting the quality of rock masses. Rapidly and conveniently obtain rock hardness is the premise to ensure the rationality of drill-and-blast tunnel design and construction safety. To this end, the sample data of drilling parameters and rock hardness formed during the drilling process of tunnel face boreholes is collected from 917 cases of two drill-and-blast tunnels in the western mountainous areas of China. A method of calculating rock drillability index during the drilling process of percussion rotary drilling rigs is proposed, and a feature system for drilling parameters at the tunnel face and a sample database are constructed. Using staking generalized learning algorithm, with support vector machine (SVM), extreme tree (ET) and random forest (RF) algorithms as base learners, and a decision tree as the meta-learner, an intelligent identification model of rock hardness is constructed based on the feature system of 4 original drilling parameters and 54-drilling parameter feature system, respectively. The performance of the model in the field is verified using accuracy, precision, recall, and the balanced F score as the evaluation indexes. The results show that the intelligent classification model for rock hardness based on the 54-feature drilling parameter system has the best performance, and the accuracy rate of the model in the prediction set is 92.35%, the recall rate is 92.01%, the precision rate is 92.90%, and the balanced F score is 92.45%. During field validation, the model has an accuracy of 91.23%, a recall of 91.11%, a precision of 92.18%, and an F1 value of 91.64%.
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