301-HT cold-rolled austenitic stainless steel sheet is the main material used to construct subway vehicles. Accurately simulating the fracture failure of this type of stainless steel is the basis for studying the collision fracture performance of subway vehicles. Using 1 mm thick 301-HT stainless steel plate as the research object, notched specimens with different angles were designed and fracture tests were conducted. Instability strain, fracture strain, and stress triaxiality of the material under different stress states were obtained through finite element simulation. A damage fracture model based on stress state increment was used to simulate the damage fracture process of the material, and an initial damage fracture model for 301-HT stainless steel was established by introducing a size correction coefficient for fracture strain elements based on experimental data. Using modified models of different element sizes, the plastic strain distribution before fracture of 301-HT stainless steel was simulated. The results show that: the initial damage strain and fracture strain of 301-HT stainless steel sheet within the stress triaxial (0 - 0.55) range decrease monotonically, and the plastic strain at break increases with the decrease of the measurement scale due to stress concentration caused by necking before fracture. The damage fracture model based on stress state increment can accurately simulate the progressive process from unstable necking to complete fracture in 301-HT stainless steel sheets using shell elements.
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