Study on the Spatial Response Law of Multi-Span Simply Supported Girder Bridges across Near-Fault Ballastless Track in Western High Intensity Seismic Region
This study focuses on a typical 11×32 m simply supported beam bridge, which is commonly used in the Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway and spans complex terrains such as valleys and rivers. A three-dimensional integrated track-bridge computational model is established to investigate the spatial response characteristics of ballastless track bridges crossing near-fault seismic zones in high-intensity earthquake regions of western China. Near-fault ground motion waves in three dimensions are employed as excitations. Based on the equivalent stress theory, nonlinear time history analysis is conducted to analyze the seismic behavior of the bridge under these conditions. The results indicate that pulse-type earthquakes exert the most significant impact on track irregularity, followed by fling-step pulse-type earthquakes, while non-pulse-type earthquakes exhibit relatively minor effects. Under pulse-type earthquakes, the rails are at risk of tensile fracture. The stress in the track slab at the ends of the expansion joints is higher than that at the mid-span, whereas the stress distribution in the base plate and track slab follows an opposite pattern. The pulse effect results in the longitudinal maximum deformation of the bearings at the top of the intermediate piers being greater than that of the side piers, whereas the opposite is observed under non-pulse-type earthquakes. However, in all cases, the deformations exceed the safety limits, posing a risk of girder unseating. Compared to non-pulse-type and fling-step pulse-type earthquakes, the transverse displacement at the top of the intermediate piers under pulse-type earthquakes increases by 115.64% and 59.56%, respectively. Additionally, the boundary collision effects are amplified by 150.64% and 247.11%, respectively. Under seismic action, the maximum stresses of majority of supporting bearing stones exceed the material's ultimate strength. Additionally, collisions between connecting girders occur exclusively during pulse-type earthquakes. Therefore, in seismic design, it is advisable to enhance the reinforcement ratio to prevent crack propagation and to install anti-collision devices to mitigate damage to the abutments and girders caused by collisions.
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