In order to improve the numerical simulation accuracy of shield tunnel segment, based on the equivalent stiffness design principle, the structural analysis model of shield tunnel segment is refined gradually, and a refined numerical model of shield tunnel is established, which can consider stiffness reduction of annular joint, discontinuity of joint and preload force of bolt. The homogeneous annular segment model, slotted joint segment model and the built model are numerically analyzed under the same surcharge load condition, and the difference of force characteristics of shield segment under the influence of different annular joints is investigated. Model tests are carried out to verify the calculation results of the 3 models. The results show that, compared with the homogeneous annular segment model, the slotted joint segment model takes into account the joint stiffness reduction, and the transverse deformation of the segment develops to the weak joint, which will lead to large-scale redistribution of bending moment, resulting in obvious upward movement of the zero point, extreme value and envelope of bending moment. Compared with the slotted joint segment model, the refined numerical model further considers the joint discontinuity, and the joint opening of the segment will further aggravate the transverse deformation of the segment, resulting in an increase of nearly 10% in the maximum bending moment of the segment. Increasing preload force can effectively reduce segment convergence deformation and joint opening, but excessive preload force will also lead to stress concentration and aggravate segment joint damage. When applying bolt preload force, the balance relationship between overall transverse deformation and local stress concentration failure of segment should be grasped.
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