To address the inefficiency problems caused by fixed train compositions and unbalanced passenger load factors in Electric Multiple Units (EMUs) circulation, an optimization method for the circulation plan in basic train diagram of high-speed railway is proposed. Firstly, based on the idea of multi-commodity flow modelling, a connection network is constructed to describe the single-day operation process of EMUs. Secondly, by introducing combination variables of EMUs connection and formulating the constraints for the establishment of multi-day circulation, a description method of multi-day circulations is proposed. Considering the operating conditions of flexible train composition and the timing constraints for coupling and decoupling of EMUs at stations, an mixed-integer linear programming model aiming at minimizing connection time and homogenizing passenger flow is constructed. Finally, according to the model structure, a solver-based iterative solution method is designed, and the solution efficiency is improved through heuristic iterative elimination strategy. The results indicate that the optimized circulation plan by the method ensures both connection efficiency and stability of daily operation effect. Compared to the plan without considering the targets of flexible train compositions and passenger flow homogenization at stations, the optimized plan can reduce the use of EMUs by 5 and shorten total connection time by 5,400 min. Besides, it can significantly reduce the differences of passenger load factor and its fluctuation patterns on operation lines in circulation, thus providing effective technical support for the circulation plan compilation in basic train diagram of Chinese high-speed railway.
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