To improve the safety and operation efficiency of the coal rail-water intermodal transportation network, a Key Node Identification method based on Grey Relational Analysis considering Node Strength (KNI-GRA-NS) is proposed. First, a transport capacity optimization model is constructed with the goal of minimizing coal turnover volume to calculate transportation volumes. Second, a key node identification system is established by integrating node degree, node strength, and node efficiency. Finally, a complex network model is built using 92 actual operational nodes from China's coal rail-water intermodal transportation network. The differences in network performance under intentional and random attacks for key nodes identified with different index weights are compared through case analysis. The results show that intentional attacks cause the network efficiency, connectivity, size of the largest connected subgraph, and remaining proportion of total transport strength to decrease by 52.08%, 40.40%, 89.13%, and 46.86% respectively, which are significantly higher than the impacts of random attacks, whose corresponding indicators decrease by 28.58%, 30.18%, 58.63%, and 16.24% respectively, verifying the effectiveness of the key node identification method. By systematically analyzing the complex structure and invulnerability of the coal rail-water intermodal transportation network, this method reveals critical vulnerabilities in network operation, providing theoretical support and practical directions for enhancing network robustness.
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