To study the deformation mechanism and mechanical response of geogrid under traffic loading in railway subgrade engineering, experimental indoor creep tests and finite element simulations of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrid under different lateral restraints were carried out. Based on the principle of damage mechanics and BFGS algorithm, a fractional-order damage constitutive model was constructed to analyze the sensitivity of model parameters. The results show that the creep of geogrid is closely related to the stress ratio. When the confining effect is the same, the stress and strain show an increasing trend with the increase of stress ratio. The lateral confinement can effectively limit the horizontal deformation of geogrid and improve the creep resistance of geogrid. At the beginning of the test, the stress ratio is the main factor affecting the strain growth rate of geogrid, which leads to the rapid accumulation of strain. With the passage of time, the lateral confinement effect plays a leading role, and the strain eventually tends to be stable. When the lateral confining pressure increases from 50 kPa to 200 kPa, the strain of the middle part of the longitudinal ribs decreases by 38.6%, the strain of the adjacent transverse ribs of the longitudinal ribs decreases by 56%, and the transverse ribs are almost not deformed. The lateral confinement effect is negatively correlated with the damage. The strain rate of geogrid increases sharply with the increase of Poisson's ratio, and decreases with the increase of viscosity coefficient.
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