Railway tunnel drainage systems are crucial for timely groundwater discharge behind linings and reducing water pressure. Their discharge capacity directly affects structural safety, stability, and durability of railway tunnels. Focusing on two types of drainage structures in the arch-wall construction of railway tunnels, the waterproofing drainage board and the drainage blind pipe, this study develops water discharge capacity calculation models for surface and linear drainage structures. It optimizes the calculation methods for key parameters in the Chezy formula, such as the flow area and wetted perimeter, and proposes multiple computational models for the water discharge capacity of railway tunnel drainage systems. Field water injection tests were conducted to evaluate water discharge capacities of various drainage structures, identify the optimal calculation model for the waterproofing drainage board, and verify the model accuracy. The results show that the optimized model aligns well with field test results, effectively predicting water discharge capacity of railway tunnel drainage systems and providing direct reference for the design of waterproofing and drainage systems in railway tunnels.
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