4.The State Key Laboratory of Heavy-Duty and Express High-Power Electric Locomotive, CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co. , Ltd. , Zhuzhou Hunan 412001, China
To ensure the continuous and accurate acquisition of train positioning information in the limited environment of satellite signals such as tunnels and station ceiling, the inertial navigation technology is applied to the train positioning system. Meanwhile, a positioning method based on constraints of train operation characteristics is proposed to suppress the error accumulation of inertial navigation and reduce reliance on high-cost sensors. Firstly, based on the train operation characteristics and station parking constraint information, a train constraint observation model is established. Secondly, based on the calculation of inertial navigation system, the train integrated positioning system is established by combining the observation information of the train motion constraint in the interval tunnels and the observation information of the zero-speed constraint in the station ceiling, so as to obtain continuous positioning data without trackside equipment. Finally, combining with the railway line characteristics and train maneuvering laws, the applicability of train motion constraints is studied from the perspectives of observation model and observability. The results show that the proposed method can enhance the estimation accuracy of train attitude information and inertial sensor bias, whose heading error is less than 3°, rolling error is less than 0.25°, and pitching error is less than 0.5°, effectively suppressing the error accumulation in inertial calculation. The average train positioning error during interval operations is reduced from 18.671 3 m to 8.630 3 m, a decrease of 53.8%. The method provides a reference for research on low-cost and highly autonomous train positioning technologies from the perspective of train characteristics.
ZHANGYoubing, CHENZhiqiang, WANGJianmin, et al. Speed Segmentation Method of Train Braking Curve for High-Speed Railway [J]. China Railway Science, 2021, 42 (5):155-161. in Chinese
CHENGuangwu, LIUHao, WEIZongshou, et al. Research on RTK-GPS/INS-Based Train Combination Positioning Method [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2020, 42 (10): 67-75. in Chinese
[5]
何亚东.基于实时PPP的铁路机车定位技术研究及系统设计[D].武汉:武汉大学,2017.
[6]
HEYadong. Research and Design of Railway Locomotive Positioning Technology Based on Real-Time PPP [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2017. in Chinese
ZHANGBaocheng, KECheng, ZHAJiuping, et al. Undifferenced and Uncombined PPP-RTK: Algorithmic Models, Prototype Terminals and Field-Test Results [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51 (8): 1725-1735. in Chinese
SHITianyun, HOUBo, LIGuohua, et al. Foreign Object Detection Method for Railway Contact Network Based on Improved DINO [J]. China Railway Science, 2024, 45 (4): 158-167. in Chinese
WUXiaochun, YANGWeikang. AOA-ENN Assisted Train Positioning in Severe Occlusion Scenarios [J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2024, 21 (7): 2871-2883. in Chinese
CAOZhiwei, GEXuanyu, QINYong, et al. Forward Obstacle Detection Algorithm for Train Based on LiDAR [J]. China Railway Science, 2024, 45 ( 6): 183-193. in Chinese
LIUZhaonian, QIZhihua, CHAIMing, et al. Algorithm for Autonomous Train Location in Railway Station Based on GNSS [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2023, 45 (9): 85-93. in Chinese
ZHANGChendong, WANGZhaorui, JINShengzhen, et al. High-Precision Positioning Method Based on SINS/RFID for Trains in Tunnel [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022, 48 (4): 632-638. in Chinese
[19]
KO H, SHIMY, KONGS H. Realization and Demonstration of Enhanced Korean High-Speed Train Navigation System with Noise Filtering Schemes [J]. International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, 2018, 16: 769-781.
[20]
赵新科.基于北斗/惯导/里程计的列车高精度定位方法研究及应用[D].武汉:武汉大学,2021.
[21]
ZHAOXinke. Research and Application of High-Precision Train Positioning Method Based on Beidou/Inertial Navigation System/Odometer [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2021. in Chinese
CAIXuan, WANGChanglin. BDS/ODO Integrated Train Positioning Method Based on Robust Estimation [J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2018, 15 (10): 2654-2660. in Chinese
[24]
WANGD S, LUY J, ZHANGL, et al. Intelligent Positioning for a Commercial Mobile Platform in Seamless Indoor/Outdoor Scenes Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion [J]. Sensors, 2019, 19 (7): 1696.
[25]
WANGZ Y, YUG Z, ZHOUB, et al. A Train Positioning Method Based-on Vision and Millimeter-Wave Radar Data Fusion [J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022, 23 (5): 4603-4613.
[26]
JIANGW, LIUD, CAIB G, et al. A Fault-Tolerant Tightly Coupled GNSS/INS/OVS Integration Vehicle Navigation System Based on an FDP Algorithm [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68 (7): 6365-6378.
[27]
严恭敏.捷联惯导算法及车载组合导航系统研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2004.
[28]
YANGongmin. Research on Strapdown Inertial Navigation Algorithm and Vehicle Integrated Navigation System [D]. Xi'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2004. in Chinese
ZHANGBo, ZHOUJun, CAITian, et al. Research on Anti-Slide Adhesion Utilization Control Strategy Based on Mechanism of Large Slip of Wheel-Rail Adhesion [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2024, 46 (5): 30-37. in Chinese
[31]
HEIRICHO, LEHNERA, ROBERTSONP, et al. Measurement and Analysis of Train Motion and Railway Track Characteristics with Inertial Sensors [C]// 2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). New York: IEEE Press, 2011: 1995-2000.
[32]
HEIRICHO. Bayesian Train Localization with Particle Filter, Loosely Coupled GNSS, IMU, and a Track Map [J]. Journal of Sensors, 2016, 2016 (1): 2672640.
[33]
SAABS S. A Map Matching Approach for Train Positioning. I. Development and Analysis [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2000, 49 (2): 467-475.
[34]
SAABS S. A Map Matching Approach for Train Positioning. II. Application and Experimentation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2000, 49 (2): 476-484.
ZHOUYukun, CHENQijin, NIUXiaoji. Onboard Multi-Source Fusion Train Positioning Method Based on Railway Track Irregularity Matching [J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2024, 45 (7): 1358-1366. in Chinese
[37]
ZHANGW L, LIW, FANY, et al. Influence of Cyclic Pneumatic Brake on the Longitudinal Dynamics of Heavy-Haul Combined Trains [J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2024, 25 (3): 2545-2557.
LIWei, YUCHIZhenxin, ZHAOSizhe. Train Positioning Optimization Method, System and Rail Transit Vehicle: CN 202211424844.X [P]. 2023-04-04. in Chinese )
DENGChengjian, CHENQijin, ZHANGTisheng, et al. NHC Lever Arm Estimation Algorithm for Vehicle-Integrated Navigation System Based on Dead Reckoning [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2025, 51 (2): 668-675. in Chinese
[42]
ZHOUY K, CHENQ J, NIUX J. Kinematic Measurement of the Railway Track Centerline Position by GNSS/INS/Odometer Integration [J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 157241-157253.
National Railway Administration of the People's Republic of China. TB 10621—2014 Code for Design of High-Speed Railway [S]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2014. in Chinese )
[49]
LIY, NIUX J, ZHANGQ, et al. Observability Analysis of Non-Holonomic Constraints for Land-Vehicle Navigation Systems [C]// Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2012). Nashville: Nashiville Convention Centre, 2012: 1521-1529.
[50]
SHINE H, EI-SHEIMYN. Accuracy Improvement of Low Cost INS/GPS for Land Applications [C]// Proceedings of the 2002 National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation. San Diego: the Catamaran Resort Hotel, 2002: 146-157.