大型机械作业是改善有砟轨道线路几何形位的有效手段,科学合理的捣固参数是确保铁路安全运营的关键因素。当前捣固参数的选择主要基于道床恢复质量作为评价指标,而忽视了捣固对道砟受力特性的影响。为此,采用离散元与多体动力学耦合方法,构建有砟道床与捣固装置的耦合模型,并通过现场试验验证模型的可靠性。在此基础上,结合响应面法和改进粒子群算法,以道床支承刚度和道砟间接触力超过临界值的比率作为响应值,对捣固频率、捣固振幅及捣镐移速等关键参数进行优化。结果表明:最优捣固参数组合为捣固频率39 Hz、捣固振幅8 mm和捣镐移速1 m · s-1,采用该优化参数后,在道床支承刚度保持基本不变的前提下,道砟间作用力超过临界值的比例明显降低,降幅达33.33%;捣固参数优化后道砟受力减小,不仅提升了作业质量,还可延长道砟的使用寿命。
Abstract
Large-scale mechanical operation plays a pivotal role in improving the geometric alignment of ballasted railway tracks, and precise tuning of tamping parameters are key factors ensuring operational safety. Currently, tamping parameters are selected mainly based on ballast bed restoration quality as the evaluation metric, often neglecting the influence of ballast force characteristics during tamping. This study introduces a coupled model that integrates ballasted track dynamics with tamping machinery by combining the discrete element method and multibody dynamics, and model reliability was validated through field tests. Building on this validated framework, tamping frequency, amplitude, and pick speed were optimized by combining response surface method and improved particle swarm algorithm, with ballastbed support stiffness and the ratio of the inter-ballast contact forces exceeding the critical threshold as response values. The results reveal that optimal performance is achieved at a tamping frequency of 39 Hz, an amplitude of 8 mm, and a tamping pick speed of 1 m · s-1. Using these parameters, while ballast bed support stiffness remains basically unchanged, the proportion of inter-ballast contact forces exceeding the critical value decreases by 33.33%. The optimized parameters reduce detrimental forces on the ballast, thereby enhancing work quality and extending its service life.
在大机捣固作业中,捣固参数的变化对捣固效率和质量具有显著影响。国内外学者通过试验和仿真手段,深入研究了大机捣固对有砟道床宏观与细观特征的影响。Zhou等[3]采用离散元法(Discrete Element Method,DEM)构建了道砟箱捣固模型,研究表明夹持力和捣镐振动频率对道床密实度具有显著影响。Aingaran等[4]通过室内三轴试验模拟列车荷载及捣固作业过程,揭示了捣固过程中道砟颗粒间力的传递机制,并指出应力反转会削弱原有道床经碾压逐渐形成的竖向承载结构,进而引起道床垂向承载能力的降低。Liu等[5]基于现场试验,探讨了捣固次数对道床纵横向阻力及支承刚度的影响规律。Zhang等[6-7]建立了离散元与多体动力学(Multi Body Dynamics,MBD)耦合的捣固模型,分析了捣固作业对不同道床区域密实度的扰动效应,并基于该模型提出了捣镐夹持力的优化方法,研究表明当夹持力为7.8 kN时道床刚度可达到最大值41.43 kN · mm-1。
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