At present, the heat exchange between the duct and the air is not considered during the current calculations of cooling air supply volume for high geothermal tunnel construction, which leads to the shortage of smaller calculation results. First, a method for calculating the cooling air supply volume for high geothermal tunnels is proposed based on finite difference theory and heat transfer principles, taking into account factors such as external ambient temperature of the tunnel, footage, tunnel equivalent radius, and air leakage rate. Then, specific cooling design principles and schemes are established by integrating multiple measures. The results indicate that the error between the calculated results and the on-site monitoring data is 3.78%, verifying the accuracy of the method. The surrounding rock temperature and footage will significantly affect the airflow temperature at the duct outlet, so reducing the heat dissipation of surrounding rock or increasing the airflow volume can both effectively lower the internal ambient temperature of the tunnel. The external ambient temperature of the tunnel has a significant impact on the cooling air supply volume when it exceeds 15 ℃, and the higher the surrounding rock temperature and the longer the footage, the greater the impact on the cooling air supply volume. It is difficult to achieve good cooling effects only by fan ventilation, and a 3 cm thick insulated air duct can effectively reduce the cooling air supply volume after the footage exceeds 1 000 m. When the footage exceeds 2 000 m or the surrounding rock temperature exceeds 60 ℃, the priority should be given to the use of insulated air ducts; while when the footage exceeds 3 000 m or the surrounding rock temperature exceeds 80 ℃, the priority should be given to the use of wall-mounted insulation layers. The proposed cooling design scheme has strong versatility, and can both reduce cooling costs and effectively reduce the required cooling air supply volume.
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