In view of the difficulty in accurately determining the absolute damage degree of EMUs in long-term service under different lines and environments, this paper proposes a relative damage assessment principle for in-service EMUs based on generalized service load, load history and cumulative damage. The cumulative damage, relative damage coefficient and their calculation formulas are defined respectively for normal loads and severe loads. On this basis, the efficiency and confidence level analysis of EMU service life extension assessment is carried out. According to the relative damage assessment results of in-service EMUs, the operation lines and maintenance measures are reasonably arranged according to their relative damage degree, so as to optimize the operation and maintenance strategy of in-service EMUs. Finally, the application analysis of relative damage assessment method for in-service EMUs is verified through a simulation example of axle box vibration acceleration. The results show that this method can solve the issue of difficult accurate calculation of absolute damage of in-service EMUs and realize the quantitative assessment of relative damage. Meanwhile, expanding the number of verification samples according to the confidence level can help obtain verification information more quickly, realize efficient assessment of EMU service life extension based on relative damage, and make the verification results more credible. Reasonably arranging operation lines and maintenance measures according to the relative damage degree of in-service EMUs can not only improve the operation safety of EMUs, but also give full play to the equipment effectiveness.
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