1.Engineering Research Center of Railway Environment Vibration and Noise, Ministry of Education, East China Jiaotong University, Jiangxi Nanchang 330013, China
2.School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Jiangxi Nanchang 330099, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2025-07-22
2026-01-01
Issue Date
2026-07-13
PDF (9742K)
摘要
为准确表征扣件弹性垫板的非线性动力学性能,将超弹性本构和线性黏弹性本构相结合,同时考虑垫板塑性,建立扣件弹性垫板非线性黏弹性-塑性本构模型;以中国高速铁路WJ-8B型扣件弹性垫板为研究对象,根据垫板的材料特性,结合各种本构模型的优缺点,分别采用Yeoh模型、Berg摩擦模型和高阶分数阶导数模型(Fraction Voigt and Maxwell model in Parallel,FVMP)对垫板的超弹性、黏弹性和塑性特性进行表征;利用配有高低温试验箱的MFT-250加载系统分别对垫板进行变温静载试验、低频大振幅试验和定频变温试验,求取各本构模型中的参数;通过前述3种试验探究温度对垫板超弹性、黏弹性和塑性的影响。结果表明:当温度高于-40 ℃时,垫板非线性性质较显著,且垫板所受荷载越大,位移非线性增大趋势越明显;各温度下垫板动态塑性力-位移滞回曲线主刚度与静态力学试验结果变化趋势一致;垫板储能刚度随温度降低逐渐增大,而耗能刚度则随温度降低先增后减,峰值处温度为-46 ℃;损耗因子在-42 ℃时达到峰值,约为玻璃化转变温度;非线性黏弹性-塑性模型相较于线性黏弹性-塑性模型拟合效果更好,能全面反映垫板非线性动力学特性;该组合模型可进一步嵌入车辆-轨道耦合动力学仿真平台,为车辆-轨道系统动力学性能优化、减振降噪技术研发提供模型支撑。
Abstract
To accurately characterize the nonlinear dynamic behavior of fastener elastic pads, a nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic constitutive model for fastener elastic pads was developed by combining hyperelastic and linear viscoelastic constitutions, while also considering pad plasticity. Taking the elastic pad of the WJ-8B fastening system for China’s high-speed railways as the research subject, based on the material properties of the pad and considering the advantages and disadvantages of various constitutive models, the Yeoh model, the Berg friction model, and the higher-order fractional derivative model, FVMP (Fraction Voigt and Maxwell model in Parallel), were respectively employed to characterize the hyperelastic, viscoelastic, and plastic properties of the pad. Using an MFT-250 loading system equipped with a high/low-temperature test chamber, the pads underwent variable-temperature static loading tests, low-frequency large-amplitude tests, and constant-frequency variable-temperature tests to determine parameters for each constitutive model. These three tests investigated the effects of temperature on the pads’ hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity, and plasticity. Results indicate that when temperature exceeds -40℃, the nonlinear properties of the pad become more pronounced, and the larger the load applied to the pad, the more obvious the nonlinear increase in displacement. At each temperature, the main stiffness of the dynamic plastic force-displacement hysteresis curve of the pad followed the same trend as the static mechanical test results. The energy storage stiffness of the pad gradually increased with decreasing temperature, while the energy dissipation stiffness first increased and then decreased with decreasing temperature, peaking at -46℃. The loss factor reached its peak at -42℃, approximately the glass transition temperature. The nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic model provides better fitting performance compared with the linear viscoelastic-plastic model, comprehensively reflecting the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the pad. This combined model can be further integrated into vehicle-track coupled dynamics simulation platforms, providing foundational support for optimizing vehicle-track system dynamics and developing vibration and noise reduction technologies.
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