In view of the limitation that most of the existing studies on tunnel seismic consider the fault dislocation and ground motion separately, a strong motion simulated method coupling fault dislocation with ground motion by stochastical simulation was proposed. Firstly, the permanent surface displacement caused by fault dislocation was calculated by numerical Green’s function method, and the wavelet function characterizing the permanent displacement was derived by referring to the M&P velocity pulse waveform. Secondly, the permanent displacement dynamicized by this wavelet function was added to the displacement time history recorded by the simulated strong ground motion, thereby coupling the fault dislocation with the ground motion. The seismic responses of the tunnel structure under the sole action of fault dislocation, the sole action of ground motion, and the joint action of fault dislocation and ground motion were simulated by using a three-dimensional finite element model. The results show that regardless of the loading methods, the failure of the tunnel is mainly concentrated at the fault crossing. The degree of compressive damage of tunnel structures under seismic loads is generally higher than that of tensile damage. In the calculation example, the compression damage factor exceeds 0.8. Relying on a single load type inherently underestimates the seismic vulnerability of tunnel structures. The tunnel deformations under coupled loads substantially exceed those caused by sole load actions. This is evidenced by a calculation in which the permanent displacement of the tunnel arch crown under coupled loads reaches a magnitude 2.1 times greater than that under ground motion alone.
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