Given the significant randomness of vehicle-bridge dynamic response for higher-speed railways, this study aims to explore the characteristics and probability distribution of dynamic response of a 400 km · h-1 train passing through a bridge. A vehicle-bridge coupled random vibration model is established based on the pseudo-excitation method and the whole-process iteration method, and its validity is confirmed through comparison with the simulation results of Monte Carlo method. Based on this model, the time-frequency distribution laws of safety and stability indices of the train running at 400 km · h-1 are analyzed, and the random characteristics of vehicle-bridge dynamic response under higher speeds on simply-supported beams with different fundamental frequencies are studied. The results show that the statistical values of vehicle-bridge response vary with time, showing typical non-stationary characteristics. The dynamic coefficient of the bridge is mainly controlled by the arrangement of train axle and the wheelbase, and is only slightly affected by the random excitation of track irregularity. Under resonance conditions of simply supported beam, the wheel load reduction rate increases significantly with the increase of speed, and the carbody vibration acceleration is insensitive to the resonance response of the simply supported beam. The fundamental frequency of the simply-supported beam has minor effect on the wheel load reduction rate and carbody vibration acceleration, whereas the randomness of the track irregularities has a significant effect on the vertical vibration acceleration and the wheel load reduction rate of the bridge.
以桥梁基频6.20 Hz、列车速度400 km · h-1的工况为例,将基于虚拟激励法的车桥耦合随机振动模型仿真结果作为目标值,与蒙特卡洛模拟的响应样本统计值进行对比,以验证模型的正确性。其中蒙特卡洛模拟中采用100条轨道不平顺的样本,并对共计100次的车桥响应结果进行了统计,梁体跨中竖向响应以及列车响应的对比结果分别如图2和图3所示。从图2和图3可以看出,梁体响应的蒙特卡洛模拟结果和目标值十分接近,列车响应的蒙特卡洛模拟结果也围绕在目标值周围波动。由此表明,车桥响应的蒙特卡洛模拟结果能够匹配目标值,这验证了所建车桥随机振动模型的正确性。
不同基频下的车体竖向和点头角加速度的均值、标准差和上下限随车速的变化规律如图8和图9所示。由图8和图9可以看出:车体竖向和点头角加速度的均值与列车速度相关性不大,但随着桥梁基频的增大车体加速度均值逐渐减小,可见相对于列车速度,梁体竖向刚度对车体竖向和点头角加速度影响更大,梁体刚度增大,其振动变形减小,从而降低对列车振动的影响;车体竖向与点头角加速度的标准差随桥梁基频的变化不显著;随着列车速度的增大,车体竖向加速度的标准差逐渐减小,车体点头角加速度的标准差先增大后减小;车体竖向和点头角加速度的下限绝对值均小于上限,可见行车舒适度由上限控制;车体竖向加速度上限的最大值约0.23 m · s-2,小于舒适度优秀的限值1 m · s-2,车体点头角加速度的上限则约0.032 rad · s-2,满足行车舒适性要求。
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