To further enhance the intelligent recognition, assessment, early warning, and active prevention and control capabilities of high-speed railways in responding to risks such as natural disasters, perimeter invasion/foreign object intrusion, and external environmental safety, a method for active perception and early warning of the operational environment safety of high-speed railways is proposed based on the concept of active control of high-speed railway operating environment safety. By analyzing the action mechanism and spatiotemporal evolution patterns of the main influencing factors on the operational environment safety of high-speed railways, the disturbance mechanisms of various risk sources on train operation are revealed. On this basis, a situational awareness method for the operating environment safety across full spatiotemporal scenarios is designed, covering refined forecasting of meteorological disasters, multi-modal fusion-based recognition of perimeter invasion/foreign object intrusion, and intelligent perception of external environmental hazards through air-space-ground collaboration. Corresponding intelligent assessment and early warning models are then constructed, and active control and emergency response strategies are formulated. The results show that the accuracy of refined gale situational awareness for wind speed forecasting reaches 93%. Compared with the existing similar intelligent methods, the transmission delay of alarm information from system generation to train's beyond-visual-range terminal display is reduced from 2.364 s to 1.651 s. This method can provide a systematic solution for engineering applications and demonstrate promising prospects for practical implementation.
为支撑高效的应急响应,构建基于铁路大语言模型(Large Language Model,LLM)知识增强的应急处置方案快速生成机制,其技术架构如图9所示。首先,基于结构化应急预案,融合多源异构数据(包括历史处置案例、专家经验及相关规章制度),建立面向应急处置的知识库。其次,通过智能体、AI工作流、模型上下文协议(Model Context Protocol,MCP)等技术,实时接入并处理现场传感器数据、列车运行状态等多模态数据流,制定面向高铁运行环境的应急知识检索增强方案。
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