To address the issues of inconsistent traceability for train time nodes and the isolation between train-to-ground and train-to-train time-frequency within the current railway time synchronization network, a method based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for train time-frequency traceability and synchronization was proposed. By constructing high-precision time-frequency transfer and traceable synchronization links between train-to-ground and train-to-train nodes, the time-frequency transfer and traceable synchronization between train and ground nodes and among train nodes were realized. A dedicated device was developed, and the integrated performance of time-frequency transfer and traceability of the train was first evaluated based on the round testing railway line of the National Railway Testing Center. The results demonstrate that the noise level of time-frequency transfer link between train-to-ground is 2-6 ns, with an uncertainty of 6.6 ns. The noise level of time-frequency transfer link between train-to-train is 4-7 ns, with an uncertainty of 7.5 ns. In over 90% of cases, the train node can achieve high-precision reproduction for the time scale of the ground node with a difference of less than ±10 ns. This method can provide reference and support for high-precision time-frequency transfer and traceable synchronization between train-to-ground and train-to-train nodes.
选择列车速度变化较明显的试验5和试验6数据分析列车速度对链路噪声的影响,2个试验的链路噪声和试验列车速度如图5所示。图中:上部分绘制了基于BDS B1I,BDS L3B,GPS L1 C/A和GPS L3P的附加时间偏差折线;下部分为试验列车速度曲线,速度由伪距确定的坐标推导。由图5可知:不同速度工况下的附加时间偏差曲线抖动程度无明显差异,在试验5中,列车速度从约10 m · s-1提升至约22 m · s-1,再回落至约19 m · s-1的过程中,各信号链路的附加时间偏差波动幅度基本保持稳定;在试验6中,速度由约17 m · s-1提升至约22 m · s-1时,偏差曲线的抖动特性也未发生显著变化。试验6的附加时间偏差曲线在MJD 60 895.31附近出现短暂中断,这是由于列车驶入隧道口区域,卫星信号被隧道遮挡,仅能接收到低仰角卫星信号或多路径反射信号,载噪比低至约25 dB-Hz,导致link1和link2临时中断。整体来看,不同列车速度下的附加时间偏差曲线抖动水平近似,表明车地时频传递链路噪声对列车速度变化不敏感。
National Railway Administration of the People’s Republic of China. TB/T 3283-2015 Technical Conditions for Railway Time Synchronization Network [S]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2015. in Chinese )
LIANGKun, YUTian, YANGZhiqiang, et al. Research on Traceability and Synchronization Performance of Railway Time Synchronization Network [J]. China Railway, 2023 (8): 43-51. in Chinese
[5]
陆红群.关于铁路通信同步网发展的探讨[J].铁道通信信号,2012,48(8):54-58.
[6]
LUHongqun. Development Investigation of Railway Communication Network [J]. Railway Signalling & Communication, 2012, 48 (8): 54-58. in Chinese
YUJialiang, CHENGHua, YUTianze, et al. A Study of BeiDou Satellite Time Synchronization: Application Research and Testing [J]. China Railway, 2013 (4): 18-21. in Chinese
YUZeren, WANGXinli. Research on Standardization of Train Etherent Communication and Time Sensitive Network Technology [J]. China Standardization, 2021 (13): 147-150. in Chinese
CHENGShunling, LIChangxian, ZHAOKe. Research on Time Synchronization Optimization of Train Communication Network Based on PTP Protocol [J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2022, 45 (18): 91-98. in Chinese
ZHANGXu, MAKe. Research on Train Network Technology Based on Time-Sensitive Networking [J]. Railway Locomotive & Car, 2022, 42 (3): 93-98. in Chinese
[15]
李天娇.铁路时间同步网形式化建模及性能分析[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2016.
[16]
LITianjiao. Formalized Modeling and Performance Analysis of Railway Time Synchronization Network [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2016. in Chinese
[17]
郑继东.LKJ时间校准器的设计与实现[J].铁道通信信号,2013,49(2):22-23.
[18]
ZHENGJidong. Design and Implementation of an LKJ Time Calibrator [J]. Railway Signalling & Communication, 2013, 49 (2): 22-23. in Chinese
GAOXu. Design and Development of an Automatic Time Correction System for the LKJ2000 Monitoring Equipment [J]. Inner Mongolia Science Technology & Economy, 2018 (19): 76-77, 79. in Chinese
WUQian, WANGLi. Discussion of Clock Synchronization Scheme of On-Board Equipment Based on BeiDou Time Service System [J]. Railway Signalling & Communication, 2019, 55 (10): 54-58. in Chinese
QIUFulin. Research on Optimization of Automatic Timing Strategy for LKJ [J]. Railway Signalling & Communication, 2022, 58 (12): 24-27. in Chinese
[25]
SAASTAMOINENJ. Atmospheric Correction for the Troposphere and Stratosphere in Radio Ranging Satellites [M]// The Use of Artificial Satellites for Geodesy. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013: 247-251.
[26]
HOPFIELDH S. The Effect of Tropospheric Refraction on the Doppler Shift of a Satellite Signal [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1963, 68 (18): 5157-5168.
[27]
KLOBUCHARJ A. Ionospheric Time-Delay Algorithm for Single-Frequency GPS Users [J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1987, AES-23 (3): 325-331.
[28]
WANGN, LIZ, YUANY, et al. BeiDou Global Ionospheric Delay Correction Model (BDGIM): Performance Analysis during Different Levels of Solar Conditions [J]. GPS Solutions, 2021, 25 (3): 97.
[29]
CHADSEYH. Methodologies for Steering Clocks [C]// Proceedings of the 26th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Applications and Planning Meeting. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1995: 361-368.
[30]
PETITG. The TAIPPP Pilot Experiment [C]// 2009 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Joint with the 22nd European Frequency and Time Forum. New York: IEEE, 2009: 116-119.
[31]
JIANGZ, LEWANDOWSKIW. On the Measurement Quality of UTC Time Transfer [J]. BIPM Technical Memoridum, TM 200, 2011: 1-17.
[32]
Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM). JCGM 200: 2012 International Vocabulary of Metrology-Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM) [S]. 3rd ed. Sèvres: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), 2012.
[33]
倪育才.实用测量不确定度评定[M].第6版.北京:中国质量标准出版传媒有限公司, 2020:4.
[34]
NIYucai. Practical Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement [M]. 6th ed. Beijing: China Quality and Standards Publishing & Media Co., Ltd., 2020: 4. in Chinese
National Technical Committee for Time and Frequency Metrology. JJF 1206-2018 Calibration Specification for Remote Calibration of Time and Frequency Standards [S]. Beijing: China Quality Inspection Press, 2018. in Chinese )