Infrastructure Inspection Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China
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Published
2025-11-26
2026-07-01
Issue Date
2026-10-28
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摘要
为强化运营期高速铁路轨道几何中短波段不平顺管控,健全平顺性全周期管理体系,厘清轨道不平顺激励与车辆动态响应的关联,基于行车安全提出了1.5~10 m波段轨道不平顺管理方法。基于实测数据统计和车辆-轨道耦合动力仿真分析,分别给出不同速度等级下适用于1.5~10 m波段的轨道动态几何不平顺容许偏差管理建议值;同时,为便于现场开展养护维修作业,根据弦长与波长之间的传递函数,综合考虑轨道静、动态不平顺之间的差异,给出基于5 m中点弦测法的轨道静态几何不平顺容许偏差管理建议值。结果表明:针对不同速度级1.5~10 m波段高低、轨向动态不平顺的日常保持、计划维修、临时补修和限速管理建议值,运营速度为200~250 km · h-1的线路,高低动态不平顺管理建议值分别为3,4,6和7 mm,轨向分别为3,4,5和6 mm,运营速度为250(不含)~350 km · h-1的线路,高低动态不平顺管理建议值分别为2,3,5和6 mm,轨向分别为2,3,4和5 mm,运营速度为350(不含)~400 km · h-1的线路,高低动态不平顺管理建议值分别为2,3,4和5 mm,轨向管理建议值与运营速度为250(不含)~350 km · h-1的线路相同;针对基于5 m短弦的轨道静态几何不平顺作业验收、计划维修、临时补修和限速管理建议值,运营速度为200~250 km · h-1的线路,高低静态不平顺管理建议值分别为3,4,6和7 mm,轨向分别为3,4,5和6 mm;运营速度为250(不含)~350 km · h-1的线路,高低静态不平顺管理建议值分别为2,3,5和6 mm,轨向分别为2,3,4和5 mm;运营速度为350(不含)~400 km · h-1的线路,高低静态不平顺管理建议值分别为2,3,4和5 mm,轨向管理建议值与运营速度为250(不含)~350 km · h-1的线路相同。
Abstract
To strength the control of track geometry irregularity in the intermediate wavelength band during the operation period of high-speed railway, improve the full-cycle management system for track smoothness, and clarify the coupling relationship between track irregularity excitation and vehicle dynamic response, a management method for track irregularity within the 1.5-10 m band is proposed based on running safety. Based on statistical analysis of field measurements and vehicle-track coupling dynamic simulation, the recommended management values for allowable deviation of track dynamic geometric irregularity in the 1.5-10 m range are provided for different speed levels. Additionally, to facilitate on-site maintenance and repair work, considering the transfer functions between chord lengths and wavelengths as well as the difference between static and dynamic track irregularity, recommended allowable deviation values for track static geometric irregularity using the 5 m mid-chord measurement method are also presented. The results show that: for railway lines operating at 200-250 km · h-1, the recommended values for dynamic longitudinal level irregularity are 3, 4, 6 and 7 mm, respectively, and for alignment are 3, 4, 5 and 6 mm; for railway lines operating at 250 (exclusive)-350 km · h-1, the values are 2, 3, 5 and 6 mm for longitudinal level and 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm for alignment; for railway lines operating at 350 (exclusive)-400 km · h-1, the values are 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm for longitudinal level, with alignment values matching those for 250 (exclusive)-350 km · h-1 railway lines. For static geometric track irregularities measured using the 5 m short chord method, the recommended values for routine maintenance, scheduled maintenance, temporary repairs, and speed restriction management are: for 200-250 km · h-1 railway lines, 3, 4, 6 and 7 mm for static longitudinal level irregularity and 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm for alignment; for 250 (exclusive)-350 km · h-1 railway lines, 2, 3, 5 and 6 mm for longitudinal level and 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm for alignment; for 350 (exclusive)-400 km · h-1 railway lines, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm for longitudinal level, with alignment values identical to those for 250 (exclusive)-350 km · h-1 railway lines.
根据2.2节高低、轨向动态不平顺幅值分布可知,250和350 km · h-1速度级下10 m波段高低不平顺95%累积分布值分别为2.0和1.0 mm,轨向分别为1.5和1.0 mm,考虑到检测装备检测精度和现场可操作性,确定400 km · h-1条件下的日常保持管理限值与350 km · h-1保持一致。200~250和250(不含)~400 km · h-1速度级下,高低不平顺的Ⅰ级日常保持标准分别为3.0和2.0 mm,轨向不平顺的Ⅰ级日常保持标准分别为3.0和2.0 mm。
不同运行速度下高低不平顺对列车振动响应的影响如图12所示。由图12可知:高低不平顺对轮轨垂向力和轮重减载率的影响较轮轨横向力和脱轨系数更为显著;随着车速和幅值增大,轮轨垂向力、轮重减载率和车体垂向振动加速度均呈增大趋势;当轮重减载率达到限值0.8时,300,350和400 km · h-1速度对应高低不平顺幅值分别为7.9,5.8和4.8 mm,对应幅值下的轮轨垂向力均不超170 kN;当速度为250 km · h-1,不平顺幅值为9 mm时,轮重减载率为0.63,轮轨垂向力为115.03 kN,上述幅值下,车体垂向振动加速度均不超日常保持(Ⅰ级)1.0 m · s-2。
随着车速和不平顺幅值变化,正弦波形式的轨向不平顺对轮轨垂向力、轮轨横向力、轮重减载率与脱轨系数均有一定影响,如图13所示。由图13可知:列车动力响应随着不平顺幅值增大和速度提高呈增长趋势,轨向幅值较小的情况下轮轨横向力主要由轮轨蠕滑力提供,当幅值大于3 mm时,随着速度提高,轮轨法向力在横向的分量增长迅速,使得轮轴横向力和车体横向振动加速度增长较快,在垂向产生的分力呈非线性增长趋势。400 km · h-1速度下,当不平顺幅值为6 mm时,轮轴横向力达到52.75 kN,刚好超过52.49 kN的限值。其余计算结果均不超过标准规定限值。
(2)通过对实测数据统计分析和仿真计算,给出了不同速度级1.5~10 m波段高低、轨向动态不平顺的日常保持、计划维修、临时补修和限速管理建议值,即运营速度为200~250 km · h-1的线路,高低动态不平顺管理建议值分别为3,4,6和7 mm,轨向分别为3,4,5和6 mm,运营速度为250(不含)~350 km · h-1的线路,高低动态不平顺管理建议值分别为2,3,5和6 mm,轨向分别为2,3,4和5 mm,运营速度为350(不含)~400 km · h-1的线路,高低动态不平顺管理建议值分别为2,3,4和5 mm,轨向管理建议值同运营速度为250(不含)~350 km · h-1的线路。
(3)考虑静、动态不平顺间的差异,提出了基于5 m短弦的轨道静态几何不平顺作业验收、计划维修、临时补修和限速管理建议值,即运营速度为200~250 km · h-1的线路,高低静态不平顺管理建议值分别为3,4,6和7 mm,轨向分别为3,4,5和6 mm,运营速度为250(不含)~350 km · h-1的线路,高低静态不平顺管理建议值分别为2,3,5和6 mm,轨向分别为2,3,4和5 mm,运营速度为350(不含)~400 km · h-1的线路,高低静态不平顺管理建议值分别为2,3,4和5 mm,轨向管理建议值同运营速度为250(不含)~350 km · h-1的线路。
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