1.School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 611756, China
2.Environmental and Equipment Design Institute, China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co. , Ltd. , Xi'an Shaanxi 710043, China
3.Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Pollution Control in Rail Transit Engineering, Chengdu Sichuan 611756, China
4.State Key Laboratory of Bridge Intelligent and Green Construction, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 611756, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2025-05-25
2026-07-01
Issue Date
2026-10-28
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摘要
铁路隧道工程建设周期长、土石方开挖大,且运营阶段能耗突出,是铁路工程中碳排放的重要来源。开展隧道工程碳排放管控相关研究,对推动铁路行业低碳可持续发展具有重要理论与实践意义。以某国家Ⅰ级客货共线铁路隧道工程为对象,基于隧道空气动力学理论,构建列车穿过隧道运行的碳排放核算模型,分析断面面积对空气阻力、牵引能耗和运行碳排放的影响;依据铁路隧道全生命周期碳排放核算边界,建立其工程物化阶段和运营维护阶段碳排放核算模型,量化断面变化引起的工程碳排放差异;进一步耦合列车运行碳排放与隧道工程全生命周期碳排放,建立面向综合碳排放最小化的隧道断面优化模型,并通过空气动力学关键参数的敏感性分析检验最优隧道断面面积量化结果的稳定性。结果表明:隧道断面面积增大可降低列车运行碳排放,但将增加隧道工程全生命周期碳排放;综合碳排放随隧道断面面积增大呈先降后升趋势,存在低碳最优断面区间;当列车速度分别为160,200,250和300 km · h⁻¹时,最优断面面积区间分别为50~60,55~65,60~70和65~75 m²,较40 m²断面综合碳排放分别降低约8.3%,12.4%,20.8%和25.9%;阻塞比对综合碳排放影响最大,但参数扰动未改变最优断面区间判断,因此建立的断面优化方法具有较好的稳定性和工程参考价值。
Abstract
Railway tunnel projects are characterized by long construction periods, substantial excavation works, and continuous energy consumption during operation, making them an important source of carbon emissions from railway infrastructure. It is therefore important to investigate carbon emission control based on tunnel cross-sectional design optimization. Taking a Class I national mixed passenger-freight railway tunnel project as the study object, this study establishes a carbon emission accounting model for train operation through tunnels based on train-tunnel aerodynamic theory, and analyses the effects of cross-sectional area on aerodynamic resistance, traction energy consumption and operational carbon emissions; establishes carbon emission accounting models for the materialization stage and the operation and maintenance stage according to the life-cycle carbon emission accounting boundary of railway tunnels, and quantifies the differences in engineering carbon emissions caused by changes in cross-sectional area; further couples train operational carbon emissions with life-cycle carbon emissions of the tunnel project, establishes a cross-sectional optimization model aimed at minimizing comprehensive carbon emissions, and verifies the stability of the results through sensitivity analysis of key aerodynamic parameters. The results show that increasing the tunnel cross-sectional area reduces train operational carbon emissions but increases life-cycle carbon emissions of the tunnel project; comprehensive carbon emissions first decrease and then increase with increasing cross-sectional area, indicating the existence of a low-carbon optimal cross-sectional area range; when train speeds are 160, 200, 250 and 300 km · h⁻¹, the optimal cross-sectional area ranges are 50-60, 55-65, 60-70 and 65-75 m², respectively, reducing comprehensive carbon emissions by approximately 8.3%, 12.4%, 20.8% and 25.9% compared with the 40 m² cross-section; the blockage ratio has the greatest effect on comprehensive carbon emissions, but parameter perturbations do not change the judgement of the optimal cross-sectional area ranges. Therefore, the proposed cross-section optimization method has good stability and engineering reference value.
提出的列车运行阶段碳排放核算模型是基于隧道区段近似匀速、平坡、直线、稳态工况的假设建立的,该假设是高速列车-隧道空气动力学研究中普遍采用的简化方法。已有研究表明,当列车运行速度达到250~300 km · h-1时,外部空气动力阻力占总运行阻力的75%~85%,成为牵引功率和牵引能耗的主导因素[41-42]。因此,在高速稳态工况下,将列车-隧道系统简化为以空气阻力为主导的匀速模型具有合理性。
根据式(17),计算不同车速和断面面积下的综合碳排放,结果如图2所示。在4种车速(160,200,250,300 km · h-1)条件下,综合碳排放随隧道断面面积变化呈现明显的先下降后上升趋势,且列车速度越高,综合碳排放也越大;4种车速依次对应的最优隧道断面面积区间分别为50~60,55~65,60~70和65~75 m²,最低综合碳排放依次约为114.46,148.66,181.82和227.02万吨CO₂e。
在160,250和300 km · h-1车速条件下的敏感性计算结果与表9所示规律基本一致。总体而言,在±10%工程合理参数扰动范围内,关键空气动力学参数变化均未改变不同车速条件下最优断面区间的判断,各参数引起的综合碳排放变化幅度总体较小。这表明提出的隧道断面优化结论在工程合理参数不确定性范围内具有良好的稳定性和工程鲁棒性。
(3)综合碳排放随隧道断面面积的变化呈现先下降后上升的趋势,尤其在列车高速行驶条件下更为明显。列车车速分别为160,200,250和300 km · h-1时,对应的最优隧道断面面积区间分别为50~60,55~65,60~70和65~75 m²,与最小断面(40 m²)相比,最优断面区间可分别减少综合碳排放约8.3%,12.4%,20.8%和25.9%,能够达到最低的综合碳排放目标。在隧道工程施工过程中选择最优隧道断面面积区间不仅可以最大程度地减少列车运行过程中的碳排放,还能保证综合碳排放得到控制。本案例工程设计速度上限为200 km · h-1,文中250和300 km · h-1的结果系为方法推广所设的情景分析,用于说明断面-碳排放关系在更高速域的趋势,不直接对应本案例的工程决策。
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