Power control method and validation of regenerative braking energy utilization for electrified railways based on railway power conditioner located in section post
To promote the efficient utilization of regenerative braking energy (RBE) within different power supply sections of electrified railways, a power control method for RBE utilization based on the railway power conditioner (RPC) located in the section post is proposed. Based on the operating principles of the traction network and the RPC, a unified circuit model of the RBE utilization system, with the controlled source as the core model, is established, and the current relationships are described when section-crossing energy transferring. Large-scale field data were analyzed to explore the regenerative braking characteristics from the perspectives of energy and power, classify load states of adjacent power sections, and calculate their proportions, thereby assessing the potential for mutual utilization of RBE in adjacent power supply sections. With the objective of minimizing the total input power to the traction substations, an objective function and constraints are established to propose a control method for RBE utilization reducing the RBE fed back into the power grid. In this method, when the traction loads in adjacent power sections are in Load State 2 (one power section is in regenerative braking mode and the other power section is in traction mode), the PRC transfers RBE from one power supply section to the other adjacent power supply section. Case studies and engineering experiments are conducted based on a specific operational railway line to verify the proposed method. The results indicate that when one electric train in a power supply section is in regenerative braking conditions, other electric trains in adjacent power supply sections are in traction conditions for more than 80% of the time, indicating significant potential for the mutual utilization of RBE within adjacent power supply sections. The RPC located in the section post can reduce the proportion of RBE, with approximately 20% of RBE being utilized adopting the method, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
近年来,针对电动列车再生制动能量利用开展了多方面研究,车载储能成为就近收集和利用再生制动能量的有效方法,这对降低牵引能耗起到一定作用[10]。首先,电动列车数量多,总体储能成本巨大;其次,优化列车牵引特性和运输组织可以降低再生制动能量的产生或增加电动列车之间的利用率,但该方法受运行条件限制发挥的作用有限[11]。铁路功率调节器(Railway Power Conditioner,RPC)在我国和日本得到了一定的研究和应用[12-14],基于RPC的不同再生制动能量利用方法被提出,如文献[15]和文献[16]分别提出用于牵引变电所的储能型RPC回收利用再生制动能量的不同方法。但这些方法的效果受到储能容量的限制,储能容量较小时再生制动能量利用率不理想,而容量较大时储能系统重量和体积庞大、控制复杂、成本高、循环寿命短。另外,为提高再生制动能量在全线的利用率,文献[17]提出在牵引变电所设置储能型RPC、在分区所设置传统RPC。该方法虽然增大了再生制动能量有效利用区间,但大量RPC的一次性投入很高,且能量长距离传输的损耗较大,整体经济效益受限。
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