1.Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2.Integrated Transport Research Center of China, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
To alleviate the contradiction between daily maintenance and continuous operation of urban rail transit rolling stock, an optimization method of the rolling stock scheduling plan was proposed considering multi-level maintenance programs, which integrated a flexible maintenance strategy that enabled bi-weekly and quarterly maintenance tasks to be performed at various times and locations. With dual objectives of minimizing the number of rolling stock and the range of operational mileage, an optimization model was formulated incorporating the constraints such as the execution of tasks, spatio-temporal continuity between tasks, and the updating of rolling stock maintenance statuses. To address low search efficiency and susceptibility to local optima in classical heuristic algorithms, an adaptive hybrid ant colony optimization (AHACO) algorithm was designed through the large neighborhood search strategy for model solution, and then a case study was conducted based on an actual urban rail transit line. The results indicate that compared with traditional maintenance strategy, the optimization method with flexible maintenance strategy reduces 2 train sets, decreases the range of operational mileage by 432 km, and extends average operating time for rolling stocks by 0.78 d. Under various maintenance capacity conditions, when the depot capacities for bi-weekly and quarterly maintenance slightly exceed those of parking lot, the rolling stock maintenance requirements in both locations can be satisfied simultaneously, obtaining an optimal scheme with minimal train sets and range of operational mileage. This method can save costs for both the rolling stock acquisition and maintenance, and further improve the operational efficiency and operational equilibrium of rolling stocks.
针对上述大规模组合优化模型,现有研究常采用蚁群优化(Ant Colony Optimization,ACO)算法进行求解。然而,ACO算法存在全局搜索能力低、易陷入局部最优等缺陷。自适应大邻域搜索(Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search,ALNS)算法可解决超大规模问题,因此,设计1种融合大邻域搜索策略的自适应混合蚁群优化(Adaptive Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization,AHACO)算法,通过优化ACO算法的核心机制提高搜索效率,并嵌入具有多种破坏、修复算子的邻域搜索过程,增强其跳出局部最优的能力。
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