1.School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 611756, China
2.National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 611756, China
3.National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Integrated Transportation Intelligence, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 611756, China
4.School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 611756, China
In order to improve the transfer efficiency of high-value goods in technical stations, the concept of wagon value concentration is firstly proposed to measure the operation priority level of wagon loaded with different goods in technical stations. Then the evaluation index system of value concentration for flow allocation resource in technical stations is established, and the value concentration of wagons is comprehensively calculated and sorted by weighted rank-sum ratio method. Secondly, a two-stage flow allocation model is designed with the objective of minimizing the residence time of wagons in technical stations and prioritizing the dispatch of high-value concentration wagons. Through changing the full load constraint of freight trains, different value concentration wagons are allocated in stages. Finally, the model is solved by a three-level method, and the value matching search (VMS) algorithm is designed to obtain the maximum departure scheme of lost trains with adjusted flow allocation content. The results show that compared to traditional wagon-flow allocation schemes, the optimized flow allocation scheme considering the value concentration of wagons reduces the average station residence time of high-value concentration wagons by 0.2 h. After adjusting the lost trains in the optimized scheme by VMS algorithm, the number of trains in the stage plan is increased by 1, resulting in a 159.3 h reduction in the total residence time of wagons. The average station residence time of high-value concentration wagons is further reduced by 0.29 h, and the dispatch position is concentrated in the pre-scheduled trains of the stage plan, which can effectively enhance the transfer efficiency of essential goods in technical stations.
由于各指标存在量纲差异,且对货车价值浓度的影响程度各不相同,先选用熵权法这种依据数据本身蕴含信息确定指标权重的客观赋权法分析各评价指标体系的权重,再以离差标准化方法对数据进行无量纲化处理。考虑在多指标综合评价中,秩和比法具有计算简便、结果稳定的特点,进一步引入加权秩和比(Weighted Rank Sum Ratio,WRSR)评价法,对技术站货车价值浓度进行综合排序[14-16]。具体评估过程如下。
考虑货车价值浓度的铁路技术站2阶段配流模型为非线性混合整数规划模型,其求解属于NP难问题。因此,随着到达列车及出发列车数量的增加,问题解空间规模呈指数级增长,导致模型难以在可接受时间内获得有效可行解。对于有个到达列车、个出发列车的技术站,假设每列到达列车包含辆货车,则该阶段计划内就存在(mk) n 个配流方案[18],既有研究多采用启发式算法进行求解,但启发式算法本身存在求解效率不够稳定、受初始解影响较大等问题。为降低求解难度,分3个层次对所建模型进行求解。
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