阿尔茨海默病所致痴呆的行为和精神症状及其在转基因小鼠模型中的研究进展

Research Advances in Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease

摘要

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer 's disease, AD）是一种进行性神经系统退行性疾病，其主要特征为记忆力减退、认知功能显著下降。临床研究表明，AD 患者除认知功能衰退外，常伴随痴呆的行为和精神症状（behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia，BPSD），且 BPSD 贯穿疾病全程。在 AD 机制研究与药物筛选过程中，AD 转基因小鼠模型被广泛采用。近年来，科学界对 AD 转基因小鼠所展现的 BPSD 愈发重视，但现阶段对于 AD 病理进程与 BPSD 发生发展的内在关联机制仍缺乏系统、深入的阐释。综述 AD 转基因小鼠所表现的激越、抑郁、焦虑及淡漠等典型 BPSD，重点梳理 BPSD 随 AD 病理进展的动态演变规律，探析各类神经递质在 BPSD 发生发展过程中的关键调控作用，以期为 AD 的临床诊断与治疗提供理论参考与思路。

Abstract

Alzheimer 's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by memory loss and significant cognitive decline. Clinical studies have shown that in addition to cognitive deterioration, patients with AD often present behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which runs through the whole course of the disease. Transgenic mouse models of AD have been widely applied in AD mechanism research and drug screening. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to BPSD manifested in AD transgenic mice. Nevertheless, the intrinsic mechanistic link between the pathological process of AD and the occurrence and development of BPSD still lacks systematic and in-depth elucidation. This paper reviews typical BPSD in AD transgenic mice, including agitation, depression, anxiety and apathy, and focuses on the dynamic evolution of BPSD along with AD pathological progression. Furthermore, it explores the key regulatory effects of various neurotransmitters on the development of BPSD, so as to provide some theoretical reference and new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AD.

关键词

阿尔茨海默病 / 转基因小鼠 / 痴呆的行为精神症状 / 神经递质

Key words

Alzheimer 's disease / transgenic mouse / behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia / neurotransmitter

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