快速检测技术在食品及药物分析中的应用进展

Application Progress of Rapid Detection Technologies in Food and Drug Analysis

摘要

快速检测技术因高灵敏度、操作简便、便携性好和实时响应等优势，在食品及药物分析领域发挥着日益重要的作用。近年来，电化学传感器、纳米孔技术、成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR）/CRISPR相关蛋白（CRISPR-associated protein，Cas）系统等前沿检测技术发展迅速，在食品农药残留、重金属及微生物污染检测，以及药物活性成分分析与体内药物监测等场景中展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，现有技术在灵敏度、特异度和多重检测能力等方面仍面临诸多挑战。综述了上述快速检测技术的原理、技术优势及典型应用案例，分析其在食品及药物分析领域的重要作用，并展望人工智能与大数据在推动检测方法创新与智能化发展方面的潜力，以期为相关技术的进一步研发与应用提供参考。

Abstract

Rapid detection technologies, recognized for their high sensitivity, simple operation, portability, and real-time response capabilities, are playing an increasingly important role in food and drug analysis. In recent years, advanced detection technologies such as electrochemical sensors, nanopore technology, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems have developed rapidly, demonstrating broad application prospects in the detection of pesticide residues, heavy metals, and microbial contamination in food, as well as in the analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients and therapeutic drug monitoring. However, existing technologies still face multiple challenges in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and multiplex detection capability. This review systematically summarizes the principles, technical advantages, and representative application cases of these rapid detection technologies, analyzes their critical role in food and drug analysis, and discusses the potential of artificial intelligence and big data in driving innovation and intelligent development of detection methodologies. It aims to provide a reference for further research and application of related technologies.

关键词

快速检测技术 / 食品与药物分析 / 电化学传感器 / 纳米孔技术 / 纳米酶 / 表面等离子体共振

Key words

rapid detection technology / food and drug analysis / electrochemical sensor / nanopore technology / nanozyme / surface plasmon resonance

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