1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
2.Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation of the Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
In order to study the degree, risk and sources of heavy metal contamination in the soil of a lead smelting plant site in Urad Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, inverse distance-weighted interpolation, geological allumulation index (Igeo), Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (NPI), and potential ecological risk index methods (RI) were used for risk assessment, and the sources of heavy metals were analyzed by multiple source analysis models. The results show that the content of heavy metals in the soil of the study area is high, with a significant block distribution. The average values of As, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in the soil at different depths all exceed the soil element background values in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, except for Sb and Hg. Except for Cd, the content of heavy metals in surface soil is higher than in other layers; the high concentration distribution areas of heavy metals are mainly in the roasting workshop in the middle of the factory area and the lead concentrate storage area in the south. The Igeo results show that , indicating a certain degree of geological accumulation. The average NPI value is 0.12, indicating the overall safety of the site soil; the average RI value is in the order of , which is mainly low-risk, with sporadic distribution of moderate and high-risk areas in the central part of the factory area. Source analysis results identified the main pollution sources, which are industrial sources (ore smelting, dust particles, and atmospheric deposition), transportation sources, fossil fuel combustion sources, and natural sources.
式中:Zi 为第i种金属元素含量的标准化值;Ciave为第i种金属元素含量的平均值;σi 为第i种金属元素的标准偏差;Zi0为第i种金属元素的0浓度样本;bi0表示MLR对第i种金属元素的截距;p为污染源个数;bpi 为污染源p对i种HMs的回归系数;APCS p 为调整后污染源p的绝对主因子得分;bpi ×APCS p 为污染源p对元素i的贡献量。
该研究区域被规划为工业用地,故以建设用地的第二类用地筛选值作为内梅罗综合污染指数的评价标准,计算土壤HMs Pi 值和NPI值,结果如图4和表5所示。研究区内土壤中HMs Pi 平均值排序为As(0.144)>Pb(0.08)>Zn(0.013)>Cd(0.007)>Sb(0.006)>Cu(0.002)>Hg(0.001),所有元素Pi 平均值值均小于1,除个别点位Pb元素处于轻度-中度污染外,研究区总体处于无污染水平。0~<0.5 m土壤NPI值范围为0.03~1.43,平均值为0.12,轻度污染占比为0.83%;0.5~<2.0 m土壤NPI值范围为0.04~1.41,平均值为0.11,轻度污染占比为0.83%;2.0~4.0 m土壤NPI值范围为0.04~0.98,平均值为0.09,无污染占比100%。研究区三个地层的土壤中HMs元素NPI值均小于0.7,表明场地土壤总体安全。
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