脱细胞ECM支架用于胰岛类器官构建的研究进展

王裕康; 王洁; 易昕; 付爽; 王淑芳

doi:10.16026/j.cnki.iea.2024010036

离子交换与吸附 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (03) : 226 -239. DOI: 10.16026/j.cnki.iea.2024010036

综述

脱细胞ECM支架用于胰岛类器官构建的研究进展

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Research Progress on Acellular ECM Scaffold for Islet Organoid Construction

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文章历史 +

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摘要

糖尿病作为一种常见慢性病，其治疗方法一直备受关注。用于治疗糖尿病的胰岛移植策略和类器官技术由于供体不足、血管化程度低及微环境丢失等问题而难以发挥预期的作用。脱细胞支架保留了天然细胞外基质 (ECM) 的整体结构和固有生长因子，模拟了体内细胞微环境，是胰岛移植的理想载体；器官的脱细胞支架具有很高的学术研究价值和临床应用潜力。文章对器官脱细胞支架的构建方法进行了总结，并介绍了近年来脱细胞支架用于胰岛类器官构建的研究进展。总的来说，目前多通过灌注去污剂和酶溶液辅以物理作用的方式进行脱细胞支架构建，同时以ECM支架为基础制备的类器官已在动物体内产生短期的正向治疗效果。此外，文章还介绍了脱细胞支架内皮化的方法，如多种细胞共培养、多方式富集生长因子等。最后，总结了现阶段脱细胞支架所面临的挑战和未来的发展机遇。

Abstract

As a common chronic disease, the treatment of diabetes has always been concerned. The strategy of islet transplantation and organoid technology for treatment are difficult to play the expected role due to insufficient donors, low vascularization and loss of microenvironment. The acellular scaffold retains the overall structure of the natural ECM and the inherent growth factors, simulates the microenvironment of cells replanted in vivo, making the acellular scaffold an ideal carrier for islet transplantation. The current research has confirmed that the acellular scaffold of organs has high academic research value and clinical application potential. In this paper, we summarized the construction methods of acellular scaffolds for organs and introduced the research progress of acellular scaffolds for the construction of regenerated pancreas in recent years. In general, acellular scaffolds are usually constructed by injecting detergent and enzyme solution and supplemented by physical effects. Meanwhile, organoids prepared on the basis of ECM scaffolds have produced short-term positive therapeutic effects in animals. In addition, the methods of endothelialization of the acellular scaffold were introduced, such as co-culture of multiple cell types and enrichment of growth factors in various ways. Finally, the challenges and future development opportunities faced by acellular scaffolds at this stage were summarized.